Incorporação dos processos de queima de glicerina e da reforma a vapor do glicerol na cadeia produtiva do biodiesel
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Data
2017-02-20
Autores
Galarza Galarza, Juan Carlos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste trabalho são apresentados analises energética e econômica de duas configurações de plantas para a produção de biodiesel e biohidrogênio, integrando queima de parte do glicerol produzido no processo. O biodiesel estudado é produzido pela transesterificação de óleo de soja e o hidrogênio é produzido pela reforma a vapor do glicerol. O glicerol queimado é utilizado para produzir vapor de água necessário para o processo de reforma do glicerol. Na primeira configuração, o vapor para o processo de reforma é produzido num gerador de vapor convencional (caldeira convencional) que queima uma mistura de glicerol e gás natural. Na segunda configuração, considera-se uso de sistema de cogeração com microturbina a gás e caldeira de recuperação com queima suplementar de glicerol e gás natural com produção de vapor para o processo de reforma. A análise energética baseia-se numa planta que opera 7920 h/ano e produz 17820 m3/ano de biodiesel. Na configuração utilizando gerador de vapor convencional é possível produzir 222,47 ton/ano (312,53 Nm3/h) de hidrogênio; o sistema com cogeração produz 227,07 ton/ano (318,98 Nm3/h) de hidrogênio e além disso permite produzir 27,40 kW de eletricidade. A análise econômica é feita para as duas configurações consideradas visando alocar os custos de produção do biodiesel, hidrogênio e eletricidade. Além destes são determinados os custos de produção dos produtos intermediários, tais como glicerol e vapor de processo. Da análise de engenharia econômica, obtém-se a receita anual esperada pela venda de biodiesel, hidrogênio e eletricidade em função das taxas anuais de juros e dos períodos de amortização de capital e de outros parâmetros econômicos. Conclui-se que a incorporação das novas configurações propostas, incluindo a produção conjunta de hidrogênio na cadeia produtiva do biodiesel são viáveis tecnicamente e economicamente.
In this work is presented an energy and economic analysis of two plant configurations for biodiesel and biohydrogen production. It is included a burning of a part of the glycerol produced in the process. The biodiesel studied is produced by the transesterification of soybean oil and the hydrogen is produced by glycerol steam reforming. Burned glycerol is used to produce water steam required for the glycerol reforming process. In the first configuration, the steam for the reforming process is produced in a conventional steam generator (conventional boiler), which burns a mixture of glycerol and natural gas. In the second configuration, it is considered the use of a gas microturbine cogeneration system and a recovery boiler with the supplementary burning of glycerol and natural gas with steam production for the reforming process. The energy analysis is done on a plant that operates 7920 h/year and produces 17820 m3/year of biodiesel. In the configuration using a conventional steam generator it is possible to produce 222.47 ton/year (312.53 Nm3/h) of hydrogen. The cogeneration system produces 227,07 ton/year (318.98 Nm3/h) of hydrogen and finally allows producing 27,40 kW of electricity. The economic analysis is carried out for the two configurations in order to allocate the production costs of biodiesel, hydrogen and electricity. In addition, the costs of intermediates products, such as glycerol and process steam are determined. From the economic analysis, it is obtained the annual revenue expected from the sale of biodiesel, hydrogen, and electricity as a function of annual interest rates and capital amortization periods and other economic parameters. It is concluded that the incorporation of the new proposed configurations, including the joint of hydrogen production into the biodiesel production chain, are technically and economically viable.
In this work is presented an energy and economic analysis of two plant configurations for biodiesel and biohydrogen production. It is included a burning of a part of the glycerol produced in the process. The biodiesel studied is produced by the transesterification of soybean oil and the hydrogen is produced by glycerol steam reforming. Burned glycerol is used to produce water steam required for the glycerol reforming process. In the first configuration, the steam for the reforming process is produced in a conventional steam generator (conventional boiler), which burns a mixture of glycerol and natural gas. In the second configuration, it is considered the use of a gas microturbine cogeneration system and a recovery boiler with the supplementary burning of glycerol and natural gas with steam production for the reforming process. The energy analysis is done on a plant that operates 7920 h/year and produces 17820 m3/year of biodiesel. In the configuration using a conventional steam generator it is possible to produce 222.47 ton/year (312.53 Nm3/h) of hydrogen. The cogeneration system produces 227,07 ton/year (318.98 Nm3/h) of hydrogen and finally allows producing 27,40 kW of electricity. The economic analysis is carried out for the two configurations in order to allocate the production costs of biodiesel, hydrogen and electricity. In addition, the costs of intermediates products, such as glycerol and process steam are determined. From the economic analysis, it is obtained the annual revenue expected from the sale of biodiesel, hydrogen, and electricity as a function of annual interest rates and capital amortization periods and other economic parameters. It is concluded that the incorporation of the new proposed configurations, including the joint of hydrogen production into the biodiesel production chain, are technically and economically viable.
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Palavras-chave
Biodiesel, Hidrogênio, Glicerol, Análise energética, Análise econômica, Hydrogen, Glycerol, Energy analysis, Economic analysis