Suplementação e uso da virginiamicina como moduladores do desempenho de bovinos Nelore na recria e seus efeitos na terminação em confinamento
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2017-05-25
Autores
Monção, Flávio Pinto [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Cento e sessenta e oito tourinhos Nelore com peso inicial de 228 ± 19 kg e idade de 10 meses e 12 tourinhos Nelore canulados no rúmen foram utilizados com objetivo de avaliar diferentes estratégias nutricionais associada com virginiamicina (VM) na fase de recria em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu sobre o ganho em peso corporal (PC), parâmetros ruminais, sanguíneos, urinários e consumo de nutrientes. Ademais, objetivou-se também avaliar se os benefícios proporcionados pelas estratégias nutricionais associada com VM na fase de recria são mantidos na fase de terminação em confinamento com diferentes dias de cocho (88 dias e 121 dias). A fase de recria foi dividida em estação seca (26/08/14 a 10/12/14, 105 dias) e estação verão (10/12/14 a 25/03/15, 105 dias) e outono (25/03/15 a 20/06/15, 87 dias), totalizando 297 dias experimentais. Na recria, os animais receberam 1 de 4 estratégias nutricionais: suplemento mineral com ureia (SU, ad libitum) durante estação seca e suplemento mineral (SM, ad libitum) no verão e outono; ou suplemento proteico energético na estação seca (SPE, 3 g/kg PC por dia), suplemento proteico no verão (SP, 1 g/kg PC por dia) e SPE no outono (3 g/kg PC por dia). Dentro de cada estratégia nutricional, foi avaliada a inclusão ou não de aditivo alimentar VM, na dose de 40 mg para cada 100 kg de PC. A área experimental, dividida em 12 piquetes (3,5 a 4 ha cada) e a área e o peso dos animais foram os fatores de blocagem. Foram utilizados 45 animais por tratamento, dividido em 3 piquetes (14 animais mais 1 animal canulado no rúmen por piquete). No início da fase de recria foram abatidos 6 animais para compor o grupo referência e estimar o peso de carcaça inicial dos demais animais. Cada piquete com 14 animais e 1 animal canulado foi a unidade experimental. O método de pastejo adotado foi o contínuo. Na fase de recria, o delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial, 2 x 2, sendo duas estratégias nutricionais e presença e ausência de VM. Na terminação, os animais foram confinados por tempos diferentes ([20/06/2015 a 16/09/2015, 88 dias] e [20/06/2015 a 19/10/2015, 121 dias]) e receberam a mesma dieta com 88% de concentrado e 12% de volumoso. Dos 168 animais utilizados na fase de crescimento, 24 animais (6 animais por tratamento, 2 animais por piquete) foram abatidos para compor o grupo referência final da fase de recria e inicial de terminação. Durante essa fase, cada unidade experimental (piquete com 12 animais e 1 canulado, pois 2 foram abatidos), preservando os tratamentos da fase de recria, foi subdividida em duas baias coletivas (6 baias por tratamento) no confinamento para serem abatidos com 88 dias (3 baias por tratamento) e 121 dias (3 baias por tratamento). Para formação das baias, os animais do mesmo piquete (unidade experimental) foram selecionados aleatoriamente na fase de terminação. No confinamento, o delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, 2 x 2 x 2, sendo duas estratégias nutricionais, presença e ausência de VM) e o dois tempos de confinamento (88 e 121 dias). A unidade experimental foi a baia com 6 animais. Ao fim da fase de recria, os animais suplementados com SPE/SP/SPE apresentaram maiores peso de carcaça quente (224 kg vs. 202 kg; P < 0,01), ganho em peso em carcaça (0,34 kg/dia vs. 0,26 kg/dia) em relação aos animais que receberam SU/SM/SM. Apenas no verão, o uso da VM proporcionou ganho em peso adicional de 0,08 kg/dia e 0,060 kg/dia nos animais suplementados com SP e SM, respectivamente (P < 0,03). A utilização da VM aumentou 1.1 unidade percentual no rendimento do ganho (P < 0,01), mas não modificou o ganho diário em carcaça (0,31 kg/dia; P = 0,36). Os animais suplementados com SPE/SP/SPE iniciaram a fase de terminação 38 kg (22 kg de carcaça) mais pesados em relação aos animais que receberam SU/SM/SM. A VM melhora o desempenho dos animais apenas quando utilizada no verão, via sal mineral ou suplemento proteinado. A maior parte do ganho adicional proporcionado com suplementação com SPE/SP/SPE durante a recria é mantido na fase de terminação.
One hundred and sixty eight young bulls with initial weight of 228 ± 19 kg and age of ten months and twelve Nellore bulls cannulated in the rumen were used to evaluate different nutritional strategies associated with virginiamycin (VM) during the growing phase in pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu on body weight gain (BW), ruminal, blood and urinary parameters and nutrient intake. In addition, evaluate if the benefits provided by the nutritional strategies associated with VM in the growing phase are maintained termination phase in the feedlot in two-time (88 days and 121 days). The growing phase was divided in dry season (08/26/14 to 10/12/14, 105 days) and summer season (10/12/14 to 25/03/15, 105 days) and autumn (25/03/15 to 20/06/15, 87 days), totaling 297 experimental days. The animals received 1 of 4 nutritional strategies: mineral supplement with urea (SU, ad libitum) during dry season and mineral supplement (SM, ad libitum) in summer and autumn; or protein energy supplement in the dry season (SPE, 3 g/kg BW per day), protein supplement in the summer (SP, 1 g / kg BW per day) and SPE in the autumn (3 g / kg BW per day). Within each nutritional strategy, the inclusion or not of VM food additive was evaluated at a dose of 40 mg per 100 kg BW. A randomized complete block design was used in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with two strategies of supplementation and presence and absence of VM. The experimental area, divided into 12 paddocks (3.5 to 4.0 ha each), and BW was the blocking factor. 45 animals were used per treatment, divided into 3 paddocks (14 animals more 1 cannulated animal in the rumen per paddock). Early in the growing phase were slaughtered 6 animals to compose the reference group and estimate the animal carcass weight. Each paddock with 14 animals and 1 cannulated animal was the experimental unit. The grazing method adopted was the continuous one. At the termination, the animals were finished for different times ([06/20/2015 to 09/16/2015, 88 days] and [06/20/2015 to 10/19/2015, 121 days]) and received the same diet with 88% concentrate and 12% roughage. Of the one hundred sixty-eight animals used in the growth phase, 24 (6 animals per treatment, 2 animals per paddock) were slaughtered to compose the final reference group of the growing phase and early of termination. During this phase, each experimental unit (paddock with 12 animals and 1 cannulated, because 2 were slaughtered), preserving treatments of growing phase, was divided into two collective pens (6 pens for treatment) in feedlot to be slaughtered with 88 days (3 pens for treatment) and 121 days (3 pens for treatment). For the formation of the pens, the animals of the same picket (experimental unit) were randomly selected. The design was a randomized block in a split plot, 2 x 2 x 2, and two nutritional strategies, presence and absence of VM and two feedlot time (88 and 121 days). The experimental unit was the pen with 6 animals. At the end of the growing phase, SPE/SP/SPE supplemented animals presented higher carcass weight (224 kg vs. 202 kg; P <0.01), carcass weight gain (0.34 kg/day vs. 0.26 kg/day) compared to animals receiving SU/SM/SM. The use of VM provided an additional weight gain of 0.08 kg/day and 0.060 kg/day in animals supplemented with SP and SM, respectively (P < 0.03). The use of VM increased 1.1 percentage unit in the gain yield (P < 0.01), but did not modify the gain in daily gain in carcass (0.31 kg/day; P = 0.36). Animals supplemented with SPE/SP/SPE started the finishing phase 38 kg (22 kg of carcass) heavier compared to animals receiving SU/SM/SM. The VM improves performance of animals only when used in summer, via mineral salt or protein supplement. Most gains provided with additional supplementation with SPE/SP/SPE of grazing animals are kept in the finishing phase.
One hundred and sixty eight young bulls with initial weight of 228 ± 19 kg and age of ten months and twelve Nellore bulls cannulated in the rumen were used to evaluate different nutritional strategies associated with virginiamycin (VM) during the growing phase in pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu on body weight gain (BW), ruminal, blood and urinary parameters and nutrient intake. In addition, evaluate if the benefits provided by the nutritional strategies associated with VM in the growing phase are maintained termination phase in the feedlot in two-time (88 days and 121 days). The growing phase was divided in dry season (08/26/14 to 10/12/14, 105 days) and summer season (10/12/14 to 25/03/15, 105 days) and autumn (25/03/15 to 20/06/15, 87 days), totaling 297 experimental days. The animals received 1 of 4 nutritional strategies: mineral supplement with urea (SU, ad libitum) during dry season and mineral supplement (SM, ad libitum) in summer and autumn; or protein energy supplement in the dry season (SPE, 3 g/kg BW per day), protein supplement in the summer (SP, 1 g / kg BW per day) and SPE in the autumn (3 g / kg BW per day). Within each nutritional strategy, the inclusion or not of VM food additive was evaluated at a dose of 40 mg per 100 kg BW. A randomized complete block design was used in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with two strategies of supplementation and presence and absence of VM. The experimental area, divided into 12 paddocks (3.5 to 4.0 ha each), and BW was the blocking factor. 45 animals were used per treatment, divided into 3 paddocks (14 animals more 1 cannulated animal in the rumen per paddock). Early in the growing phase were slaughtered 6 animals to compose the reference group and estimate the animal carcass weight. Each paddock with 14 animals and 1 cannulated animal was the experimental unit. The grazing method adopted was the continuous one. At the termination, the animals were finished for different times ([06/20/2015 to 09/16/2015, 88 days] and [06/20/2015 to 10/19/2015, 121 days]) and received the same diet with 88% concentrate and 12% roughage. Of the one hundred sixty-eight animals used in the growth phase, 24 (6 animals per treatment, 2 animals per paddock) were slaughtered to compose the final reference group of the growing phase and early of termination. During this phase, each experimental unit (paddock with 12 animals and 1 cannulated, because 2 were slaughtered), preserving treatments of growing phase, was divided into two collective pens (6 pens for treatment) in feedlot to be slaughtered with 88 days (3 pens for treatment) and 121 days (3 pens for treatment). For the formation of the pens, the animals of the same picket (experimental unit) were randomly selected. The design was a randomized block in a split plot, 2 x 2 x 2, and two nutritional strategies, presence and absence of VM and two feedlot time (88 and 121 days). The experimental unit was the pen with 6 animals. At the end of the growing phase, SPE/SP/SPE supplemented animals presented higher carcass weight (224 kg vs. 202 kg; P <0.01), carcass weight gain (0.34 kg/day vs. 0.26 kg/day) compared to animals receiving SU/SM/SM. The use of VM provided an additional weight gain of 0.08 kg/day and 0.060 kg/day in animals supplemented with SP and SM, respectively (P < 0.03). The use of VM increased 1.1 percentage unit in the gain yield (P < 0.01), but did not modify the gain in daily gain in carcass (0.31 kg/day; P = 0.36). Animals supplemented with SPE/SP/SPE started the finishing phase 38 kg (22 kg of carcass) heavier compared to animals receiving SU/SM/SM. The VM improves performance of animals only when used in summer, via mineral salt or protein supplement. Most gains provided with additional supplementation with SPE/SP/SPE of grazing animals are kept in the finishing phase.
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Palavras-chave
Aditivos, Forragem, Planos nutricionais, Tempo de confinamento, Terminação, Additives, Forage, Nutritional plans, Feedlot time, Finished