'Nuestra mejor contribución la hacemos cantando': a Nova Canção Chilena e a 'questão cultural' no Chile da Unidade Popular
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Data
2017-05-26
Autores
Schmiedecke, Natália Ayo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A vitória de Salvador Allende – candidato pela Unidade Popular (UP) – nas eleições presidenciais chilenas de 1970 trouxe consigo o imperativo de construir uma “nova cultura” e um “homem novo”, objetivo que gerou intensos debates no meio intelectual. Tendo no horizonte a perspectiva de influir na formulação de políticas culturais oficiais, diversos cientistas sociais, escritores, artistas e militantes dos partidos integrantes da UP procuraram postular suas bases, revelando posições heterogêneas e inclusive contraditórias nas discussões sobre o papel que deveriam assumir os “trabalhadores da cultura” na Via chilena ao socialismo. Centrando-se no debate cultural travado no interior da esquerda, a presente tese busca mapeá-lo de modo a situar os discursos e a produção artística ligada ao movimento da Nova Canção Chilena (NCCh), a fim de demonstrar que, no contexto estudado, os músicos foram parte da intelectualidade engajada. A análise realizada se pautou principalmente na imprensa governista e nos discos lançados entre 1970 e 1973, verificando como as principais tendências observadas no debate cultural se manifestaram no movimento; até que ponto os posicionamentos defendidos pelos músicos estiveram afinados com os propósitos governamentais; e se eles de fato chegaram a influenciar as políticas culturais debatidas e levadas a cabo pela UP entre 1970 e 1973. Buscamos, a partir daí, compreender quais elementos contribuíram para a identificação da NCCh com os novos valores propostos pelos dirigentes políticos, permitindo que o movimento se consagrasse nacional e internacionalmente como o principal referente cultural da esquerda chilena.
The victory of Salvador Allende – Popular Unity’s (UP) candidate – in the 1970 Chilean presidential elections brought the imperative of constructing a “new culture” and a “new man”, generating intense debates in the intellectual environment. With the prospect of influencing the formulation of official cultural policies, several social scientists, writers, artists and activists of the UP member parties sought to postulate their bases, revealing heterogeneous and even contradictory positions in the discussions about the role that the “workers of culture” should play on the Chilean way to socialism. Focusing on the cultural debate within the left, the present thesis seeks to map it in order to situate the discourses and the artistic production linked to the Chilean New Song movement (NCCh), in order to demonstrate that, in the context studied, the musicians were part of the commited intelligentsia. The analysis was based mainly on the government-friendly press and the discs released between 1970 and 1973, verifying how the main trends observed in the cultural debate were manifested in the movement; the extent to which the positions defended by the musicians have been in tune with governmental purposes; and if they have in fact influenced the cultural policies debated and pursued by the UP between 1970 and 1973. From that, we sought to understand what elements contributed to the identification of the NCCh with the new values proposed by the political leaders, allowing the movement to be nationally and internationally consecrated as the main cultural reference of the Chilean left.
The victory of Salvador Allende – Popular Unity’s (UP) candidate – in the 1970 Chilean presidential elections brought the imperative of constructing a “new culture” and a “new man”, generating intense debates in the intellectual environment. With the prospect of influencing the formulation of official cultural policies, several social scientists, writers, artists and activists of the UP member parties sought to postulate their bases, revealing heterogeneous and even contradictory positions in the discussions about the role that the “workers of culture” should play on the Chilean way to socialism. Focusing on the cultural debate within the left, the present thesis seeks to map it in order to situate the discourses and the artistic production linked to the Chilean New Song movement (NCCh), in order to demonstrate that, in the context studied, the musicians were part of the commited intelligentsia. The analysis was based mainly on the government-friendly press and the discs released between 1970 and 1973, verifying how the main trends observed in the cultural debate were manifested in the movement; the extent to which the positions defended by the musicians have been in tune with governmental purposes; and if they have in fact influenced the cultural policies debated and pursued by the UP between 1970 and 1973. From that, we sought to understand what elements contributed to the identification of the NCCh with the new values proposed by the political leaders, allowing the movement to be nationally and internationally consecrated as the main cultural reference of the Chilean left.
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Palavras-chave
Unidade Popular, Nova Canção Chilena, Engajamento, Intelectuais