Potencial reprodutivo e danos causados por Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica e M. enterolobii em beterraba
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Data
2017-05-31
Autores
Correia, Érika Cristina Souza da Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A beterraba é uma das olerícolas mais consumidas no Brasil, tradicionalmente utilizada para o consumo in natura ou na indústria alimentícia. Em áreas de cultivo de beterraba, os nematoides das galhas, Meloidogyne spp., tem causado significativas perdas de rendimento devido aos danos causados nas raízes tuberosas, com interferência direta na classificação comercial do produto. Em decorrência da falta de informação sobre fontes de resistência e nível de dano das espécies Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica e M. enterolobii na cultura da beterraba, dois experimentos foram realizados em casa de vegetação, com os objetivos de avaliar a reação das cultivares Katrina, Early Wonder, Jolie, Rubra, Betollo, Kestrel e Boro ao parasitismo dos nematoides das galhas (Pi= 3.000 ovos + J2/planta) e o efeito de níveis de inóculo (Pi= 0, 333, 1.000, 3.000, 9.000 e 27.000 ovos + J2/planta) sobre as características vegetativas das cultivares Boro e Early Wonder. Para o teste de reação (experimento 1), as plantas foram inoculadas individualmente com 3.000 ovos + J2 de cada espécie de Meloidogyne e após 60 dias as variáveis, índice de galhas e de massas de ovos e o fator de reprodução foram determinados. Para o efeito dos níveis iniciais de inóculo dos nematoides (experimento 2), a altura da parte aérea, comprimento e diâmetro da raiz, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e raiz, índice de galhas e de massas de ovos e o fator de reprodução foram avaliados 80 dias após a inoculação dos níveis populacionais dos nematoides. Todas as cultivares de beterraba estudas foram suscetíveis ao parasitismo dos nematoides das galhas. M. enterolobii produziu o maior número de ovos seguido por M. incognita e M. javanica. Todos os níveis de inóculo testados provocaram redução nas características vegetativas das beterrabas ‘Boro’ e ‘Early Wonder’, sobretudo o nível de 27.000 ovos + J2 das espécies de Meloidogyne em estudo.
Beetroot is one of the most consumed vegetable plants in Brazil, traditionally used for in natura consumption or in the food industry. In areas of beetroot cultivation, root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., have caused significant yield losses due to damage caused in tuberous roots, with direct interference in the commercial classification of the product. Due to the lack of information about sources of resistance and damage level of the species Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. enterolobii in the beetroot cultivation, two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse aiming at evaluating the reaction of cultivars Katrina, Early Wonder, Jolie, Rubra, Betollo, Kestrel and Boro to the parasitism of root-knot nematodes (Ip = 3,000 eggs + J2/plant) and the effect of inoculum levels (Ip= 0, 333, 1,000, 3,000, 9,000 and 27,000 eggs + J2/plant) on the vegetative characteristics of the cultivars Boro and Early Wonder. For the reaction test (experiment 1), the plants were individually inoculated with 3,000 + J2 eggs of each species of Meloidogyne and after 60 days, the variables gall and egg mass indexes and reproduction factor were determined. For the initial nematode inoculum levels (experiment 2), shoot height, root length and diameter, fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots, gall and egg mass indexes and reproduction factor were evaluated 80 days after inoculation of nematode population levels. All beetroot cultivars studied were susceptible to the parasitism of root-knot nematodes. M. enterolobii produced the highest number of eggs followed by M. incognita and M. javanica. All inoculum levels tested reduced the vegetative characteristics of ‘Boro’ and ‘Early Wonder’ beetroots, especially the level of 27,000 eggs + J2 of the Meloidogyne species under study.
Beetroot is one of the most consumed vegetable plants in Brazil, traditionally used for in natura consumption or in the food industry. In areas of beetroot cultivation, root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., have caused significant yield losses due to damage caused in tuberous roots, with direct interference in the commercial classification of the product. Due to the lack of information about sources of resistance and damage level of the species Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. enterolobii in the beetroot cultivation, two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse aiming at evaluating the reaction of cultivars Katrina, Early Wonder, Jolie, Rubra, Betollo, Kestrel and Boro to the parasitism of root-knot nematodes (Ip = 3,000 eggs + J2/plant) and the effect of inoculum levels (Ip= 0, 333, 1,000, 3,000, 9,000 and 27,000 eggs + J2/plant) on the vegetative characteristics of the cultivars Boro and Early Wonder. For the reaction test (experiment 1), the plants were individually inoculated with 3,000 + J2 eggs of each species of Meloidogyne and after 60 days, the variables gall and egg mass indexes and reproduction factor were determined. For the initial nematode inoculum levels (experiment 2), shoot height, root length and diameter, fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots, gall and egg mass indexes and reproduction factor were evaluated 80 days after inoculation of nematode population levels. All beetroot cultivars studied were susceptible to the parasitism of root-knot nematodes. M. enterolobii produced the highest number of eggs followed by M. incognita and M. javanica. All inoculum levels tested reduced the vegetative characteristics of ‘Boro’ and ‘Early Wonder’ beetroots, especially the level of 27,000 eggs + J2 of the Meloidogyne species under study.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Beta vulgaris, Nematoides das galhas, Suscetibilidade, Nível de dano, Redução de crescimento