Etnobotânica de plantas alimentícias em comunidades indígenas multiétnicas do baixo rio Uaupés - Amazonas
Carregando...
Data
2017-02-02
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A região do Baixo Rio Uaupés - Amazonas, habitada por diferentes etnias indígenas, possui rico e pouco explorado conjunto de plantas alimentícias, utilizadas por essas comunidades, através de sistema tradicional de cultivo e complementada com a coleta de espécies da floresta. Nesse contexto, e com o propósito de valorizar o conhecimento tradicional associado a essas plantas, o trabalho teve o objetivo de pesquisar a diversidade de plantas cultivadas e coletadas utilizadas como alimento e os fatores ambientais e sociais que influenciam na diversidade dessas espécies, em comunidades indígenas multiétnicas dessa região. Foram identificadas 163 plantas alimentícias, pertencentes a 51 famílias botânicas e 106 gêneros. As comunidades praticam a horticultura de subsistência em roças e capoeiras, tendo como cultivo predominante a mandioca e em seguida o abacaxi. O cultivo de espécies é complementado nos quintais, principalmente por espécies frutíferas, observando-se o predomínio do açaí-do-pará, cupuaçu, açaí-do-mato e outras espécies em menor número. Outros ambientes para a obtenção de alimento são: igapó, terra firme, caatinga e beira de rio ou igarapé, onde as comunidades realizam o extrativismo. Essas comunidades apresentam um significativo conhecimento sobre as plantas alimentícias cultivadas ou coletadas na floresta, inúmeras formas de consumo e preparo desde técnicas que transformam espécies tóxicas em comestíveis a técnicas de conservação, utilizadas em diversas comidas tradicionais que fazem parte do dia-dia dos indígenas. O conhecimento tradicional associado a essas espécies torna-se uma importante ferramenta de conservação dos recursos naturais e garante segurança alimentar da região.
The region of LowerUaupés River - Amazon, inhabited by different indigenous ethnic groups, has a rich and little explored set of food plants, used by these communities, through a traditional system of cultivation and complemented by the collection of forest species. In this context, and with the purpose of valuing the traditional knowledge associated with these plants, the objective of this work was to investigate the diversity of cultivated and collected plants used as food and the environmental and social factors that influence the diversity of these species in indigenous multiethnic communities. A total of 163 food plants belonging to 51 botanical families and 106 genera were identified. The communities practice subsistence itinerant horticulture in fields and capoeiras, having as predominant cultivation cassava and then pineapple. The cultivation of species is complemented in the backyards, mainly by fruit species, observing the predominance of açaí-do-para, cupuaçu, açaí-do-mato and other species in lower numbers. Other environments for obtaining food are: igapó, terra firme, caatinga and river border or igarapé, where the communities accomplish the extractivism. These communities present a significant knowledge about the food plants cultivated or collected in the forest, numerous forms of consumption and preparation from techniques that transform toxic species in edible to conservation techniques, used in several traditional foods that are part of the daily life of the Indians. The traditional knowledge associated with these species becomes an important tool for the conservation of natural resources and guarantees food security in the region.
The region of LowerUaupés River - Amazon, inhabited by different indigenous ethnic groups, has a rich and little explored set of food plants, used by these communities, through a traditional system of cultivation and complemented by the collection of forest species. In this context, and with the purpose of valuing the traditional knowledge associated with these plants, the objective of this work was to investigate the diversity of cultivated and collected plants used as food and the environmental and social factors that influence the diversity of these species in indigenous multiethnic communities. A total of 163 food plants belonging to 51 botanical families and 106 genera were identified. The communities practice subsistence itinerant horticulture in fields and capoeiras, having as predominant cultivation cassava and then pineapple. The cultivation of species is complemented in the backyards, mainly by fruit species, observing the predominance of açaí-do-para, cupuaçu, açaí-do-mato and other species in lower numbers. Other environments for obtaining food are: igapó, terra firme, caatinga and river border or igarapé, where the communities accomplish the extractivism. These communities present a significant knowledge about the food plants cultivated or collected in the forest, numerous forms of consumption and preparation from techniques that transform toxic species in edible to conservation techniques, used in several traditional foods that are part of the daily life of the Indians. The traditional knowledge associated with these species becomes an important tool for the conservation of natural resources and guarantees food security in the region.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Alimentos regionais, Plantas alimentícias não-convencionais, Conhecimento tradicional, Agrobiodiversidade, Amazônia, Horticultura indígena, Regional foods, Traditional knowledge, Agrobiodiversity, Amazon, Food plants, Neglected plant, Horticulture