Referências históricas e o realismo mágico: as confluências em "Il barone rampante", de Italo Calvino e "El Siglo de las Luces", de Alejo Carpentier
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Data
2017-05-26
Autores
Luciano, Kelli Mesquita [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta tese objetiva a comparação dos romances Il barone rampante (1957), de Italo Calvino e El Siglo de las Luces (1962), de Alejo Carpentier, pois ambos apresentam confluências no que diz respeito a existência de referencias históricas, uma vez que os enredos transcorrem no século XVIII, em meio a Revolução Francesa e aos ideais iluministas. Além disso, as duas narrativas apresentam indicações de figuras da história oficial assim como a indicação de Instituições históricas. É fundamental destacar que nos dois romances, há acontecimentos insólitos que se referem ao realismo mágico, em Il barone rampante, o protagonista Cosimo vive um estilo de vida incomum sobre as árvores, onde estuda, tem atitudes altruístas e acredita nos ideias revolucionários, enquanto em El Siglo de las Luces, o protagonista é Víctor Hugues que foi inspirado em uma figura da história oficial, um francês que foi comerciante e responsável por disseminar a ideologia revolucionária na região das Antilhas. Sua chegada a Havana, movimenta ativamente a vida dos primos Esteban, Carlos e Sofía, que passam a nutrir interesses pela Revolução, fazem diversos estudos e leituras de autores filosóficos e são moldados pelo pensamento racionalista. No romance carpentiano, Esteban é curado da asma graças a rituais curandeiros fator que pode ser associado ao realismo maravilhoso. Em outros momentos, buscamos evidenciar alguns aspectos fabulistas em Il barone rampante e do barroquismo latino americano em El Siglo de las Luces. No final da tese, apontamos certas características que aproximam ainda mais Il barone rampante de El Siglo de las Luces, visto que são abordadas temáticas em comum nos dois romances, como, por exemplo, a busca pelo conhecimento, a solidão, a frustração, os avanços tecnológicos e a esperança em um mundo melhor por meio do incentivo à educação, ao conhecimento e através de movimentos revolucionários. Em outras palavras, há o tratamento de temas importantíssimos como esses, por meio de uma revisitação ao passado, no caso, à Revolução Francesa serve para levar o leitor à reflexão sobre os contextos que os autores viveram no século XX, a exemplo do fascismo e dos movimentos de resistência na Itália; da ditadura em Cuba bem como o triunfo da Revolução Cubana, ou seja, movimentos de resistência que necessitaram da união coletiva para que houvesse de fato mudanças benéficas para população, condição fundamental que permeia o modo de agir dos personagens das obras analisadas. Esses movimentos até os dias atuais são imprescindíveis para que haja transformações concretas na sociedade em torno da igualdade, do respeito e da aplicação dos direitos humanos para todos.
This thesis aims at the comparison of the novels Il barone rampante (1957), by Italo Calvino and El Siglo de las Luces (1962), by Alejo Carpentier, since both have confluences regarding the existence of historical references, since the entanglements both of which take place in the eighteenth century, amidst the French Revolution and the Enlightenment ideals. In addition, the two narratives present indications of figures of the official history as well as the indication of Historical Institutions. It is important to note that in the two novels, there are unusual events that refer to magical realism, in Il barone rampante, the protagonist Cosimo lives an unusual lifestyle on the trees, where he studies, has altruistic attitudes and believes in revolutionary ideas, while in El Siglo de las Luces, the protagonist is Víctor Hugues who was inspired by an official history figure, a french who was a merchant and responsible for spreading the revolutionary ideology in the Antilles region. His arrival in Havana actively moves the lives of the cousins Esteban, Carlos and Sofía, who begin to nurture interests for the Revolution, do various studies and readings of philosophical authors and are shaped by rationalist thinking. In the Carpentian novel, Esteban is cured of asthma thanks to ritual healers, factor that can be associated with magical realism. At other times, we tried to evidence some fabulous aspects in Il barone rampante and the Latin American baroque in El Siglo de las Luces. At the end of the thesis, we point out certain characteristics that approach even more the Il barone rampante to El Siglo de las Luces, since themes are discussed in common in both novels, such as the search for knowledge, loneliness, frustration, technological advances and hope for a better world by encouraging education, knowledge and revolutionary movements. In other words, there is the treatment of such important subjects as a revision of the past, in this case the French Revolution, serves to lead the reader to reflect on the contexts that the authors lived in the twentieth century, such as fascism and Resistance movements in Italy; of the dictatorship in Cuba, as well as the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, that is, resistance movements that necessitated a collective union so that there was indeed beneficial changes for the population, a fundamental condition that permeates the behavior of the characters in the analyzed literary works. These movements until nowadays are essentials for concrete transformations in society around equality, respect and the application of human rights for all.
This thesis aims at the comparison of the novels Il barone rampante (1957), by Italo Calvino and El Siglo de las Luces (1962), by Alejo Carpentier, since both have confluences regarding the existence of historical references, since the entanglements both of which take place in the eighteenth century, amidst the French Revolution and the Enlightenment ideals. In addition, the two narratives present indications of figures of the official history as well as the indication of Historical Institutions. It is important to note that in the two novels, there are unusual events that refer to magical realism, in Il barone rampante, the protagonist Cosimo lives an unusual lifestyle on the trees, where he studies, has altruistic attitudes and believes in revolutionary ideas, while in El Siglo de las Luces, the protagonist is Víctor Hugues who was inspired by an official history figure, a french who was a merchant and responsible for spreading the revolutionary ideology in the Antilles region. His arrival in Havana actively moves the lives of the cousins Esteban, Carlos and Sofía, who begin to nurture interests for the Revolution, do various studies and readings of philosophical authors and are shaped by rationalist thinking. In the Carpentian novel, Esteban is cured of asthma thanks to ritual healers, factor that can be associated with magical realism. At other times, we tried to evidence some fabulous aspects in Il barone rampante and the Latin American baroque in El Siglo de las Luces. At the end of the thesis, we point out certain characteristics that approach even more the Il barone rampante to El Siglo de las Luces, since themes are discussed in common in both novels, such as the search for knowledge, loneliness, frustration, technological advances and hope for a better world by encouraging education, knowledge and revolutionary movements. In other words, there is the treatment of such important subjects as a revision of the past, in this case the French Revolution, serves to lead the reader to reflect on the contexts that the authors lived in the twentieth century, such as fascism and Resistance movements in Italy; of the dictatorship in Cuba, as well as the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, that is, resistance movements that necessitated a collective union so that there was indeed beneficial changes for the population, a fundamental condition that permeates the behavior of the characters in the analyzed literary works. These movements until nowadays are essentials for concrete transformations in society around equality, respect and the application of human rights for all.
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Palavras-chave
História, Realismo mágico, Revolução Francesa, Italo Calvino, Alejo Carpentier, History, Magic realism, French Revolution