Atributos químicos e físicos do solo e produtividade de capim-tifton 85 em resposta à aplicação de nitrogênio e esterco bovino
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Data
2017-06-26
Autores
Ochoa Martínez, Esmeralda [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A intensificação da produção dos animais em sistemas confinados gera uma alta produção de esterco bovino que pode contribuir para o fornecimento de nutrientes. Além de proporcionar melhorias em atributos químicos e físicos do solo. Diante deste contexto trabalhou-se com a hipótese de que o esterco bovino pode substituir total ou parcialmente o fertilizante nitrogenado industrial na adubação do capim-tifton 85. Assim, o objetivo com o presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da combinação nitrogênio x esterco da produção de capim-tifton 85 e em atributos químicos e físicos do solo. O experimento foi instalado durante os anos agrícolas 2013-2014 e 2014-2015. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco doses de nitrogênio (N): 0, 50, 100, 200 e 300 kg ha-1, e cinco doses de esterco (E): 0, 10, 20, 40 e 60 Mg ha-1 combinadas em esquema fatorial. As doses de 300 kg ha-1 de N e 40 Mg ha-1 de E proporcionaram a maior produção de massa seca (10.469 kg ha-1) e altura (75,10 cm) em 2013-14. A associação das maiores doses de esterco e nitrogênio resultaram em melhor desempenho da forrageira em relação a produção de massa seca total (13.305 kg ha-1). Houve aumento de 71 e 88% de acúmulo de nitrogênio no capim-tifton 85 no ano agrícola 2013-14 e, aumento de 126 e 163 em 2014-15, com o uso de esterco e de N-ureia, respectivamente. A recuperação aparente de N com o uso de esterco foi maior no segundo ano de avaliação. Com o uso de N-ureia não houve variação nos teores de carbono orgânico do solo e nas formas de carbono associadas aos minerais e particulada. O uso de 60 Mg ha-1 de esterco por dois anos consecutivos aumentou a estabilidade (94,96%) e o diâmetro médio ponderado dos agregados (4,86 mm), e diminuiu a resistência do solo à penetração (0,99 Mpa), devido ao aumento de 35% no teor de carbono do solo.
Intensified production of animals in confined systems generates a high production of cattle manure that can contribute to the nutrient supply. In addition to providing improvements in soil chemical and physical attributes. In this context, we worked with the hypothesis that bovine manure can totally or partially replace industrial nitrogen fertilizer in fertilization of tifton grass 85. Thus, the objective with the present work was to evaluate the effect of the nitrogen and manure combination of tifton 85 grass production and on soil chemical and physical attributes. The experiment was installed during the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The treatments consisted of five doses of nitrogen (N): 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1, and five manure doses (E): 0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 Mg ha-1 combined in factorial scheme. The doses of 300 kg ha-1 of N and 40 Mg ha-1 of E provided the highest dry mass production (10,469 kg ha-1) and height (75,10 cm) in 2013-14. The association of the highest doses of manure and nitrogen resulted in better forage performance in relation to the production of total dry mass (13,305 kg ha-1). There was an increase of 71 and 88% of nitrogen accumulation in Tifton 85 grass in the agricultural year 2013-14 and, increased 126 and 163 in 2014-15, respectively. The apparent recovery of N with use of manure was greater in the second year of evaluation. With the use of N-urea, there was no change in soil organic carbon and forms of carbon associated with minerals and particulate. The use of 60 Mg ha-1 of manure for two consecutive years increased the stability (94.96%) and the weighted average diameter of the aggregates (4.86 mm) and decreased soil resistance to penetration (0.99 MPa) due to the 35% increase in soil carbon content.
Intensified production of animals in confined systems generates a high production of cattle manure that can contribute to the nutrient supply. In addition to providing improvements in soil chemical and physical attributes. In this context, we worked with the hypothesis that bovine manure can totally or partially replace industrial nitrogen fertilizer in fertilization of tifton grass 85. Thus, the objective with the present work was to evaluate the effect of the nitrogen and manure combination of tifton 85 grass production and on soil chemical and physical attributes. The experiment was installed during the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The treatments consisted of five doses of nitrogen (N): 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1, and five manure doses (E): 0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 Mg ha-1 combined in factorial scheme. The doses of 300 kg ha-1 of N and 40 Mg ha-1 of E provided the highest dry mass production (10,469 kg ha-1) and height (75,10 cm) in 2013-14. The association of the highest doses of manure and nitrogen resulted in better forage performance in relation to the production of total dry mass (13,305 kg ha-1). There was an increase of 71 and 88% of nitrogen accumulation in Tifton 85 grass in the agricultural year 2013-14 and, increased 126 and 163 in 2014-15, respectively. The apparent recovery of N with use of manure was greater in the second year of evaluation. With the use of N-urea, there was no change in soil organic carbon and forms of carbon associated with minerals and particulate. The use of 60 Mg ha-1 of manure for two consecutive years increased the stability (94.96%) and the weighted average diameter of the aggregates (4.86 mm) and decreased soil resistance to penetration (0.99 MPa) due to the 35% increase in soil carbon content.
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Palavras-chave
Adubação, Clorofila, Cynodon spp, Frações orgânicas do solo, Ureia, Fertilization, Chlorophyll, Soil organic fractions