Educação a Distância: estudo exploratório sobre a produção de materiais didáticos audiovisuais
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Data
2017-06-27
Autores
Caram, Nirave Reigota [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O cenário atual é caracterizado por mudanças significativas devidas, entre outros fatores, à adoção de novas tecnologias nos campos social, econômico e cultural. A informação tornou-se produto valioso na sociedade contemporânea, a qual é mediada pelas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC). O campo educacional, acompanhando tais mudanças adaptou-se adotando novas tecnologias no ensino. Inovações tecnológicas facilitam a formação dos indivíduos, fomentando a discussão sobre o livre acesso e a democratização da educação. A modalidade a distância na educação superior se expandiu rapidamente, fazendo uso de Materiais Didáticos Audiovisuais (MDAs) de diferentes formatos para a transmissão do conteúdo. Atualmente, a Educação a Distância (EaD) é regulamentada no Brasil e possui diretrizes de qualidade traçadas pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC) em documentos oficiais. Neste contexto, surge a presente pesquisa para analisar a produção dos MDAs em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), avaliando a qualidade envolvida em seu processo de produção a partir da ótica das equipes multidisciplinares. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática e, posteriormente, pesquisa documental com a finalidade de embasar o estudo e direcionar a fase empírica, etapa subsequente da investigação. A coleta qualitativa de dados foi realizada em duas IES que ofertam cursos na modalidade a distância, com o objetivo de avaliar a percepção de qualidade dos materiais a partir das entrevistas com os profissionais dos Núcleos de Educação a Distância (NEaDs): gestores, docentes conteudistas e produtores técnicos; e de análise de amostras de MDAs através do método de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Foi possível concluir, por um lado, que a percepção de qualidade em EaD ainda não está suficientemente definida pelas IES, pois a implantação desta modalidade de ensino é trabalhosa e onerosa e, portanto, carece de muito planejamento e uma visão inovadora do conceito de educação por meio da virtualidade. Por outro lado, a expansão desta modalidade de ensino precisa de esforços do Governo Federal para atualização de balizadores sobre qualidade, os Referenciais de Qualidade para a EaD.
The current scenario is characterized by significant changes due to, among other factors, the adoption of new technologies in the social, economic and cultural fields. Information has become a valuable product in contemporary society, mediated by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The educational field, following such changes, was adapted adopting new technologies in the teaching. Technological innovations facilitate the training of individuals by fostering discussion about free access and the democratization of education. The distance modality in higher education expanded rapidly, making use of Audiovisual Didactic Materials (MDAs) of different formats for the transmission of the content. Currently, Distance Education (EaD) is regulated in Brazil and has quality guidelines drawn by the Ministry of Education (MEC) in official documents. In this context, the present research to analyze the production of MDAs in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) evaluates the quality involved in their production process from the perspective of the multidisciplinary teams. A bibliographic review was done on the subject and, later, documentary research with the purpose of supporting the study and directing the empirical phase, subsequent stage of the investigation. The qualitative data collection was carried out in two HEIs that offer courses in the distance modality, with the objective of evaluating the perception of quality of the materials from the interviews with the professionals of the Nucleuses of Distance Education (NEaDs): managers, content teachers and technical producers; and analysis of MDAs samples by the Bardin´s Content Analysis method. It was possible to conclude on the one hand that the perception of quality in EaD is still not defined enough by HEIs, since the implementation of this modality of education is laborious and costly and therefore lacks much planning and an innovative vision of the concept of education through of virtuality. On the other hand, the expansion of this modality of education needs the efforts of the Federal Government to update validators about quality, the Quality Guidelines for EaD.
The current scenario is characterized by significant changes due to, among other factors, the adoption of new technologies in the social, economic and cultural fields. Information has become a valuable product in contemporary society, mediated by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The educational field, following such changes, was adapted adopting new technologies in the teaching. Technological innovations facilitate the training of individuals by fostering discussion about free access and the democratization of education. The distance modality in higher education expanded rapidly, making use of Audiovisual Didactic Materials (MDAs) of different formats for the transmission of the content. Currently, Distance Education (EaD) is regulated in Brazil and has quality guidelines drawn by the Ministry of Education (MEC) in official documents. In this context, the present research to analyze the production of MDAs in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) evaluates the quality involved in their production process from the perspective of the multidisciplinary teams. A bibliographic review was done on the subject and, later, documentary research with the purpose of supporting the study and directing the empirical phase, subsequent stage of the investigation. The qualitative data collection was carried out in two HEIs that offer courses in the distance modality, with the objective of evaluating the perception of quality of the materials from the interviews with the professionals of the Nucleuses of Distance Education (NEaDs): managers, content teachers and technical producers; and analysis of MDAs samples by the Bardin´s Content Analysis method. It was possible to conclude on the one hand that the perception of quality in EaD is still not defined enough by HEIs, since the implementation of this modality of education is laborious and costly and therefore lacks much planning and an innovative vision of the concept of education through of virtuality. On the other hand, the expansion of this modality of education needs the efforts of the Federal Government to update validators about quality, the Quality Guidelines for EaD.
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Palavras-chave
Educação a Distância, Educação Superior, Referenciais de qualidade, Materiais didáticos audiovisuais, Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação, Distance Education, College Education, Quality benchmarks, Didactic audiovisual materials, Information and Communication Technologies