Perfil fitoquímico de Artemisia annua L. em diferentes tipos de manejo pós-colheita
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Data
2017-05-29
Autores
Cervezan, Thalita Cristina Marques [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A malária é considerada uma doença infecciosa grave que atinge milhares de pessoas, principalmente em países tropicais e subtropicais. O controle dessa doença pode ser feito através de alguns tipos de medicamentos semissintéticos e bioativos naturais, entre eles os derivados da espécie Artemisia annua L.. Os principais derivados bioativos de A. annua L. são a artemisinina, diidroartemisinina, deoxiartemisinina, ácido artemisínico e arteanuina B. Com o aumento do valor dos princípios ativos naturais, estudos relacionados à pós-colheita e secagem de material vegetal tornam-se importantes para melhor conservação de suas propriedades fitoterápicas. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de processamento pós-colheita sobre a qualidade do fármaco e seus derivados. Folhas de A. annua L. foram submetidas a quatro tratamentos de desidratação sendo eles: campo em pleno Sol, campo na sombra, estufa de circulação de ar a temperatura de 28°C +/-2 e câmara de crescimento 15°C +/-2, por 29 dias. Foram realizadas as análises de teor de umidade, flavonoides, rendimento e quantificação de óleo essencial, avaliação do teor de artemisinina, diidroartemisinina, deoxiartemisinina, ácido artemisínico e arteanuina B. Cada tratamento apresentou influência distinta sobre o acúmulo de bioativos estudados. Entretanto, quando a biomassa foi processada em estufa com temperatura controlada, houve maior estabilidade para a maioria dos princípios ativos avaliados, com exceção da artemisinina.
Malaria is considered a serious infectious disease that affects thousands of people, occurring in tropical and subtropical countries. Disease control can be done through some types of semi-synthetic and bioactive natural drugs, including them the derivatives of the species Artemisia annua L.. Some major bioactive derivatives of A. annua L. are artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, deoxiartemisinin, artemisinic acid and arteanuin B. With the increase in the value of the natural active principles, studies related to post-harvesting and drying of plant material become important for better conservation of its phytotherapic properties. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of different types of post-harvest processing on the quality of the drug and its derivatives. The leaves of A. annua L. were submitted to 4 post-harvest treatments: Leaves of A. annua L. were submitted to 4 post-harvest treatments: field in full sun, field shaded, air circulation oven dry at 28 °C +/-2 and grown chamber 15 °C +/-2 for 29 days. The analysis of moisture content, flavonoids, quantification of essential oil yield, evaluation of the artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, deoxiartemisinin, artemisinic acid and arteanuin B contents were carried out. Were analyzed treatment had a different influence on the bioactives under study, however, the oven dry demonstrated to have greater stability in most of the active principles with the exception of artemisinin.
Malaria is considered a serious infectious disease that affects thousands of people, occurring in tropical and subtropical countries. Disease control can be done through some types of semi-synthetic and bioactive natural drugs, including them the derivatives of the species Artemisia annua L.. Some major bioactive derivatives of A. annua L. are artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, deoxiartemisinin, artemisinic acid and arteanuin B. With the increase in the value of the natural active principles, studies related to post-harvesting and drying of plant material become important for better conservation of its phytotherapic properties. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of different types of post-harvest processing on the quality of the drug and its derivatives. The leaves of A. annua L. were submitted to 4 post-harvest treatments: Leaves of A. annua L. were submitted to 4 post-harvest treatments: field in full sun, field shaded, air circulation oven dry at 28 °C +/-2 and grown chamber 15 °C +/-2 for 29 days. The analysis of moisture content, flavonoids, quantification of essential oil yield, evaluation of the artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, deoxiartemisinin, artemisinic acid and arteanuin B contents were carried out. Were analyzed treatment had a different influence on the bioactives under study, however, the oven dry demonstrated to have greater stability in most of the active principles with the exception of artemisinin.
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Palavras-chave
Artemisinina, Compostos bioativos, Metabólitos secundários, Plantas medicinais, Secagem, Artemisinin, Bioactive, Secondary metabolites, Medicinal plants, Drying