Avaliação de diferentes programas de treinamento aeróbio sobre a aptidão aeróbia
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Data
2017-06-30
Autores
Malta, Raoni Bernardes [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: A manutenção e melhora da capacidade cardiorrespiratória está intimamente relacionada com a promoção da saúde. Programas de treinamento físico que almejam melhoras dos sistemas fisiológicos, como respiratório e cardiovascular são preconizados, especialmente o treinamento físico aeróbio com intensidade moderada (~60% VO2pico), sendo realizado em longa duração (~30-60 minutos). É crescente a adoção de programas de treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade com objetivo da redução da gordura corporal e melhora da aptidão aeróbia. No entanto, a efetividade deste tipo de programa de treinamento físico, ainda é incipiente. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a efetividade de diferentes programas de treinamento aeróbio sobre a aptidão aeróbia em jovens adultos. Métodos: Participaram voluntariamente do estudo 30 adultos jovens saudáveis, do sexo masculino, fisicamente ativos, eutróficos, os quais realizaram três sessões semanais de exercício de corrida em esteira ergométrica. Os sujeitos foram randomizados em um dos seguintes grupos experimentais: Grupo treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade (TAI, 1:1 – 1 minuto de corrida a 100% vVO2pico e 1 minuto de recuperação passiva; totalizando 5km cada sessão de treino, N=10), Grupo treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada (TAC, 70% vVO2pico; totalizando 5km cada sessão de treino, N=10), ou Grupo controle (não realizaram nenhum tipo de treinamento, N=10). O consumo de oxigênio foi mensurado pelo analisador de gases modelo Quark PFT Ergo (COSMED®-Rome). A velocidade máxima alcançada no teste incremental foi definida como vVO2pico. Para análise estatística foi usado Statistica 12.0 e foi adotado p<0,05. Resultados: Após 6 semanas da aplicação dos diferentes protocolos de treinamento físico, nenhum dos grupos experimentais exibiram aumento significativo nos valores de VO2pico (momento e grupo; p>0,05). Adicionalmente, todos os grupos treinados exibiram aumento da velocidade máxima após 6 semanas de treinamento quando comparado ao grupo controle (p<0,05). Conclusão: Tomados em conjuntos, nossos resultados demonstram que a adoção dos diferentes programas de treinamento físico (intermitente de alta intensidade ou moderado contínuo) à curto prazo (6 semanas) pode gerar uma melhora no desempenho, como por exemplo, nos ajustes fisiológicos relacionados a economia de movimento , mas não da capacidade aeróbia em jovens adultos.
Introduction: The maintenance and improvement of cardiorespiratory capacity is closely related to the promotion of health. Physical training programs aiming to improve physiological systems, such as respiratory and cardiovascular systems, are recommended, especially aerobic physical training with moderate intensity (~ 60% VO2peak), which is performed in a long duration (~ 30-60 minutes). The adoption of intermittent high intensity training programs with the goal of reducing body fat and improving aerobic fitness is increasing. However, the effectiveness of this type of physical training program is still incipient. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different aerobic training programs on aerobic fitness in young adults. Methods: Voluntarily participated in the study 30 healthy young adults, male, physically active, normal weight, which performed three weekly sessions running exercise on treadmill. The subjects were randomized to one of the following experimental groups: Intermittent high-intensity training group (TAI, 1: 1 - 1 minute of racing at 100% vVO2peak and 1 minute of passive recovery, totaling 5km each training session, N= 10), Continuous training group of moderate intensity (TAC, 70% vVO2peak, totaling 5km each training session, N= 10), or control group (did not perform any type of training, N= 10). Oxygen consumption was measured by the Quark PFT Ergo gas analyzer (COSMED®-Rome). The maximum speed reached in the incremental test was defined as vVO2peak. Statistica 12.0 was used for statistical analysis and it was adopted p <0.05. Results: After 6 weeks of application of the different physical training protocols, none of the experimental groups showed a significant increase in VO2peak values (moment and group, p> 0.05). In addition, all trained groups exhibited maximal velocity increase after 6 weeks of training when compared to the control group (p <0.05). Conclusion: Taken sets, our results demonstrate that the adoption of different exercise training programs (intermittent high intensity or continuous moderate) to the short-term (6 weeks) can cause physiological adaptations related to improvement in aerobic power, but not aerobic capacity in young adults.
Introduction: The maintenance and improvement of cardiorespiratory capacity is closely related to the promotion of health. Physical training programs aiming to improve physiological systems, such as respiratory and cardiovascular systems, are recommended, especially aerobic physical training with moderate intensity (~ 60% VO2peak), which is performed in a long duration (~ 30-60 minutes). The adoption of intermittent high intensity training programs with the goal of reducing body fat and improving aerobic fitness is increasing. However, the effectiveness of this type of physical training program is still incipient. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different aerobic training programs on aerobic fitness in young adults. Methods: Voluntarily participated in the study 30 healthy young adults, male, physically active, normal weight, which performed three weekly sessions running exercise on treadmill. The subjects were randomized to one of the following experimental groups: Intermittent high-intensity training group (TAI, 1: 1 - 1 minute of racing at 100% vVO2peak and 1 minute of passive recovery, totaling 5km each training session, N= 10), Continuous training group of moderate intensity (TAC, 70% vVO2peak, totaling 5km each training session, N= 10), or control group (did not perform any type of training, N= 10). Oxygen consumption was measured by the Quark PFT Ergo gas analyzer (COSMED®-Rome). The maximum speed reached in the incremental test was defined as vVO2peak. Statistica 12.0 was used for statistical analysis and it was adopted p <0.05. Results: After 6 weeks of application of the different physical training protocols, none of the experimental groups showed a significant increase in VO2peak values (moment and group, p> 0.05). In addition, all trained groups exhibited maximal velocity increase after 6 weeks of training when compared to the control group (p <0.05). Conclusion: Taken sets, our results demonstrate that the adoption of different exercise training programs (intermittent high intensity or continuous moderate) to the short-term (6 weeks) can cause physiological adaptations related to improvement in aerobic power, but not aerobic capacity in young adults.
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Palavras-chave
Treinamento aeróbio de alta intensidade, Treinamento aeróbio contínuo, Respostas fisiológicas, Consumo de oxigênio, Jovens adultos e sexo masculino, High-intensity Interval/intermittent Training (HIIT), Continuos aerobic training, Oxygen consumption, Young adults and male