Análise espacial e detecção de tripanosomatídeos em animais de produção de região endêmica para leishmaniose visceral
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Data
2017-07-10
Autores
Paixão, Mirian dos Santos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A família Trypanosomatidae é composta por protozoários flagelados da ordem Kinetoplastidae. Os protozoários do gênero Trypanosoma, causadores das tripanossomíases e gênero Leishmania, causadores das leishmanioses, são os parasitos de maior interesse médico e veterinário As tripanossomíases são causadas por diferentes espécies, dentre elas: Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma. theileri, Trypanosoma equiperdum, Trypanosoma evansi e Trypanosoma vivax, sendo os três últimos de maior importância para os animais de produção, causando prejuízos econômicos para o setor agropecuário. Com o objetivo de avaliar a ocorrência de tripanosomatídeos no municipío de Bauru-SP, região endêmica para leishmaniose, foram avaliados 200 animais, sendo 100 bovinos (Bos taurus) e 100 equídeos (Eqqus spp.), procedentes de áreas urbanas e periurbanas do município. Para entender a distribuição de fatores de riscos na análise espacial, avaliou-se fatores epidemiológicos das leishmanioses, relacionados a seu diagnóstico nos animais de produção avaliados e também em cães e em humanos em diferentes bairros do município de Bauru, visando sua compreensão e integrá-las a estratégias de controle da doença. O diagnóstico dos animais foi baseado em técnicas parasitológicas: esfregaço sanguíneo e hemocultura; sorológicas: Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) e moleculares: Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) e seqüenciamento. Não foram encontradas formas sugestivas de protozoários em esfregaço sanguíneo, mas a análise de hemocultura de sete animais permitiu a visualização desses protozoários. Às técnicas sorológicas para Leishmania spp., 25% dos bovinos e 16% dos eqüídeos foram reagentes à RIFI e 24% dos equídeos e 6% dos bovinos reagentes ao ELISA. A PCR foi realizada a partir de amostras de sangue, hemocultura, suabes conjuntivais e ectoparasitos, com primers que amplificam a região ITS e HSP70. A partir de amostras de sangue, 23% dos bovinos e 6% dos eqüídeos foram positivos e sete amostras de hemocultura de bovinos foram positivas, com pelo menos um dos primers. As amostras de ectoparasitos e suabes não apresentaram positividade à PCR. Em amostras de bovinos positivas à PCR foram identificadas espécies do gênero Leishmania infantum, Leishmania donovani e Trypanosoma theileri e em amostras de eqüídeos, foram identificadas espécie do gênero Leishmania: Leishmania donovani. Os resultados obtidos às provas parasitológicas, sorológicas e/ou moleculares sugerem a presença de tripanosomatídeos em animais de produção do município no Bauru-SP. No presente estudo, pela análise espacial, sugere-se o papel de proteção dos animais de produção para a ocorrência de leishmaniose em humanos.
The family Trypanosomatidae is composed of flagellate protozoa of the order Kinetoplastida, divided into 10 genera. The Trypanosoma protozoa, which cause trypanosomiasis and Leishmania genus, which cause leishmaniosis, are the parasites of major medical and veterinary interest. Trypanosomiasis is caused by different species, among them: Trypanosoma cruzi, T. theileri, T. equiperdum, T . evansi and T. vivax, which affect production animals, causing economic damages to the agricultural sector. In order to evaluate the occurrence of trypanosomatids in the municipality of Bauru-SP, a region endemic for leishmaniosis, the present study evaluated 200 animals, 100 cattle (Bos taurus) and 100 equidae (Eqqus spp.) from urban and peri-urban areas of the municipality. In the spatial analysis, in order to understand the distribution of risk factors, we evaluated the epidemiological factors of leishmaniasis, related to its diagnosis in the studied animals, in dogs and in humans as well, from different districts of Bauru city, aiming a better comprehension and the strategies for the control of this disease. The diagnosis was based on parasitological techniques: blood smear and blood culture; serological tests: Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA); and molecular: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing. No suggestive forms of protozoa were found in blood smears, but the blood culture analysis of seven animals allowed visualization of these protozoa. To the serological techniques for Leishmania spp., 25% of the cattle and 16% of the equines were reactive to IFAT and 24% of the equines and 6% of the cattle reactive to ELISA. PCR was performed from blood samples, blood cultures, conjunctival swabs and ectoparasites, with primers from the ITS and HSP70 region. From blood samples, 23% of cattle and 6% of equines were positive and seven samples of bovine blood culture were positive, with at least one of the primers. Samples of ectoparasites and swabs showed no PCR positivity. Specimens of the genus Leishmania infantum, Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma theileri were identified in specimens of PCR positive bovines, and species of the genus Leishmania: Leishmania donovani were identified in equine samples. The results obtained for the parasitological, serological and / or molecular tests suggest the presence of trypanosomatids in animals of the municipality of Bauru-SP. In this study, by the spatial analysis, the role of protection of the production animals for the occurrence of leishmaniosis in humans is suggested.
The family Trypanosomatidae is composed of flagellate protozoa of the order Kinetoplastida, divided into 10 genera. The Trypanosoma protozoa, which cause trypanosomiasis and Leishmania genus, which cause leishmaniosis, are the parasites of major medical and veterinary interest. Trypanosomiasis is caused by different species, among them: Trypanosoma cruzi, T. theileri, T. equiperdum, T . evansi and T. vivax, which affect production animals, causing economic damages to the agricultural sector. In order to evaluate the occurrence of trypanosomatids in the municipality of Bauru-SP, a region endemic for leishmaniosis, the present study evaluated 200 animals, 100 cattle (Bos taurus) and 100 equidae (Eqqus spp.) from urban and peri-urban areas of the municipality. In the spatial analysis, in order to understand the distribution of risk factors, we evaluated the epidemiological factors of leishmaniasis, related to its diagnosis in the studied animals, in dogs and in humans as well, from different districts of Bauru city, aiming a better comprehension and the strategies for the control of this disease. The diagnosis was based on parasitological techniques: blood smear and blood culture; serological tests: Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA); and molecular: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing. No suggestive forms of protozoa were found in blood smears, but the blood culture analysis of seven animals allowed visualization of these protozoa. To the serological techniques for Leishmania spp., 25% of the cattle and 16% of the equines were reactive to IFAT and 24% of the equines and 6% of the cattle reactive to ELISA. PCR was performed from blood samples, blood cultures, conjunctival swabs and ectoparasites, with primers from the ITS and HSP70 region. From blood samples, 23% of cattle and 6% of equines were positive and seven samples of bovine blood culture were positive, with at least one of the primers. Samples of ectoparasites and swabs showed no PCR positivity. Specimens of the genus Leishmania infantum, Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma theileri were identified in specimens of PCR positive bovines, and species of the genus Leishmania: Leishmania donovani were identified in equine samples. The results obtained for the parasitological, serological and / or molecular tests suggest the presence of trypanosomatids in animals of the municipality of Bauru-SP. In this study, by the spatial analysis, the role of protection of the production animals for the occurrence of leishmaniosis in humans is suggested.
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Palavras-chave
Tripanossomíases, Leishmanioses, Bovinos, Equídeos, Diagnóstico, Trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniosis, Bovines, Equines, Diagnosis