Aplicação de cálcio em pré-colheita de atemoia ‘Thompson’: trocas gasosas, óleo essencial de folhas e características físico-químicas dos frutos
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Data
2017-06-08
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O cálcio é um nutriente essencial às plantas, participando das funções estruturais da parede celular e da membrana, como contra cátion para ânions orgânicos e inorgânicos no vacúolo e desempenha papel essencial como mensageiro intracelular no citosol. A concentração de cálcio no citoplasma das células vegetais aumenta em resposta a várias condições de desenvolvimento e fatores ambientais. Essas alterações na concentração de cálcio no citosol da célula são cruciais para as respostas fisiológicas da planta. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar se a aplicação de concentrações de cloreto de cálcio afetam as trocas gasosas, atividade das enzimas antioxidantes, perfil químico do óleo essencial extraído das folhas, tamanho, firmeza e aspectos químicos ligados à qualidade dos frutos de Annona × atemoya Mabb. cv. ‘Thompson’. O experimento foi conduzido no sítio Paraizinho localizado no munícipio de Pardinho-SP em pomar comercial. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualisados, sendo quatro concentrações de cloreto de cálcio (0%, 0,5%, 1,0% e 1,5% de CaCl2) aplicados via foliar a cada 45 dias e seis blocos, com uma planta por parcela experimental. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: trocas gasosas, enzimas antioxidantes, diâmetro e comprimento dos frutos, firmeza, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, relação sólidos solúveis/acidez, açúcares, amido, teor de ácido ascórbico,teor de cálcio, perfil químico dos óleos essenciais. As dosagens de CaCl2 aumentaram a assimilação de CO2, a eficiência no uso da água, a eficiência de carboxilação, a firmeza e a acidez dos frutos, reduzindo os teores de ácido ascórbico e modificando o perfil químico dos óleos essenciais.
Calcium is an essential nutrient for plants, participating in the structural functions of the cell wall and membrane, as against cation for organic and inorganic anions in the vacuole and plays an essential role as a messenger in intracellular cytosol. The concentration of calcium in the cytoplasm of plant cells increases in response to several conditions of development and environmental factors. These changes in the concentration of calcium in the cytosol of the cell are crucial to the physiological responses of the plant. The present study aimed to evaluate the implementation of different calcium concentrations in gas exchange, chemical profile of essential oil extracted from the leaves, size, firmness and chemical aspects linked to the quality of the Annona × atemoya Mabb The experiment was conducted at the Paraisinho site located in the municipality of Pardinho-SP in a commercial orchard. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, being 4 concentrations of calcium chloride (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% CaCl2) applied via by foliar every 45 days and six replications of a plant. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by assessing the following: gas exchange, diameter and length of fruits, firmness, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solids/acidity, sugars, starch, ascorbic acid content and chemical profile of essential oils. The levels of CaCl2 increased CO2 assimilation, water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency, the firmness and the acidity of the fruit, reducing the levels of Ascorbic acid and modifying the chemical profile of essential oils.
Calcium is an essential nutrient for plants, participating in the structural functions of the cell wall and membrane, as against cation for organic and inorganic anions in the vacuole and plays an essential role as a messenger in intracellular cytosol. The concentration of calcium in the cytoplasm of plant cells increases in response to several conditions of development and environmental factors. These changes in the concentration of calcium in the cytosol of the cell are crucial to the physiological responses of the plant. The present study aimed to evaluate the implementation of different calcium concentrations in gas exchange, chemical profile of essential oil extracted from the leaves, size, firmness and chemical aspects linked to the quality of the Annona × atemoya Mabb The experiment was conducted at the Paraisinho site located in the municipality of Pardinho-SP in a commercial orchard. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, being 4 concentrations of calcium chloride (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% CaCl2) applied via by foliar every 45 days and six replications of a plant. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by assessing the following: gas exchange, diameter and length of fruits, firmness, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solids/acidity, sugars, starch, ascorbic acid content and chemical profile of essential oils. The levels of CaCl2 increased CO2 assimilation, water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency, the firmness and the acidity of the fruit, reducing the levels of Ascorbic acid and modifying the chemical profile of essential oils.
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Annona cherimola Mill. x A. squamosa L., Annona × atemoya Mabb, Metabolismo secundário, Ca2+, Nutrição mineral, Secondary metabolism, Calcium chloride, Mineral nutrition