Avaliação do comprometimento municipal perante a Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos
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Data
2017-06-26
Autores
Costa, Alline Marchesin [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos (GIRS) é um desafio para as administrações municipais, demandando alto comprometimento governamental para seu bom desempenho. A fim de verificar o nível de comprometimento dos municípios paulistas com a GIRS, foi elaborada uma metodologia que se baseou na formulação de indicadores a serem pontuados a partir do diagnóstico da situação de 17 municípios amostrados. Primeiro, estudou-se todos os 645 municípios do Estado de São Paulo e sua relação com a elaboração dos Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos (PMGIRS), onde, através da aplicação de métodos estatísticos básicos como cálculo de médias e proporções, percebeu-se que os municípios que possuíam PMGIRS apresentam maiores valores médios nos indicadores que demostram seu maior desenvolvimento do que os que não possuíam PMGIRS e que a incidência de PMGIRS aumenta com a faixa populacional. Em seguida, procedeu-se com o cálculo da amostra dos municípios com PMGIRS, estratificados por faixa populacional, que seriam analisados descritivamente a partir de dados contidos, principalmente, em seus PMGIRS e no Sistema Nacional de Informações de Saneamento (SNIS). Assim, como segundo resultado, obteve-se um perfil da diversidade da GIRS no Estado de São Paulo. Para enfim avaliar o comprometimento com a GIRS dos 17 municípios amostrados, foi elaborada uma metodologia, onde selecionou-se uma gama de indicadores, baseados nos componentes físicos e governamentais essenciais para um sistema de GIRS de sucesso. Como resultado verificou-se que os municípios não estão realmente comprometidos com a GIRS e que apresentam, em média, comprometimento médio-baixo com a GIRS.
The Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) is a challenge for the local governments, demanding a high commitment of local authorities to its good performance. To identify the level of commitment of the municipalities of the São Paulo State with the ISWM, a methodology was elaborated based on the formulation of indicators to be punctuated from the diagnosis of the situation of 17 cities sampled. First, all the 645 municipalities of the State of São Paulo and their relationship with the elaboration of the Waste Management Plans (WMP) were studied, where, through the application of basic statistical methods such as calculation of means and proportions, Municipalities with WMP showed have higher mean values in the indicators that indicate their greater development than those that did not have WMP and that the incidence of WMP increases with the population range. Then, the sample of the municipalities with WMP, which was stratified by population range, were analyzed descriptively from data contained mainly in their WMP and the National Sanitation Information System (NSIS). Therefore, as a second result, a profile of the diversity of ISWM in the State of São Paulo was obtained. Finally, to evaluate the commitment to the ISWM of the 17 municipalities sampled, a methodology was elaborated, where a range of indicators was selected, based on the physical and governmental components essential for a successful ISWM system. As a result, it was verified that the municipalities are not really committed to the ISWM and that on average they present medium-low commitment with the ISWM.
The Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) is a challenge for the local governments, demanding a high commitment of local authorities to its good performance. To identify the level of commitment of the municipalities of the São Paulo State with the ISWM, a methodology was elaborated based on the formulation of indicators to be punctuated from the diagnosis of the situation of 17 cities sampled. First, all the 645 municipalities of the State of São Paulo and their relationship with the elaboration of the Waste Management Plans (WMP) were studied, where, through the application of basic statistical methods such as calculation of means and proportions, Municipalities with WMP showed have higher mean values in the indicators that indicate their greater development than those that did not have WMP and that the incidence of WMP increases with the population range. Then, the sample of the municipalities with WMP, which was stratified by population range, were analyzed descriptively from data contained mainly in their WMP and the National Sanitation Information System (NSIS). Therefore, as a second result, a profile of the diversity of ISWM in the State of São Paulo was obtained. Finally, to evaluate the commitment to the ISWM of the 17 municipalities sampled, a methodology was elaborated, where a range of indicators was selected, based on the physical and governmental components essential for a successful ISWM system. As a result, it was verified that the municipalities are not really committed to the ISWM and that on average they present medium-low commitment with the ISWM.
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Resíduos sólidos, Gestão municipal, Comprometimento, Plano Municipal de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos, Solid waste, Waste management, Municipalities, Waste Management Plans Commitment, Commitment