Diversidade, padrão de distribuição e sazonalidade de besouros associados ao solo em cultivo de soja e plantas herbáceas
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Data
2017-07-05
Autores
Correia, Ezequias Teófilo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A redução da biodiversidade nos agroecossistemas afeta populações de insetos predadores devido à limitação de recursos para o seu desenvolvimento. O controle biológico conservativo diversifica o agroecossistema e aumenta à presença de inimigos naturais, incrementando o controle de pragas. As plantas herbáceas além de aumentar a biodiversidade do hábitat, exercem influência na composição das comunidades de insetos no campo incrementando o controle biológico conservativo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade, distribuição e sazonalidade de besouros associados ao solo em plantio de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) com faixas de plantas herbáceas nas bordas. O estudo ocorreu entre novembro de 2014 e setembro de 2016 em Jaboticabal-SP. As amostragens foram realizadas com armadilhas tipo alçapão, em dois hectares de área cultivada. Foram analisados os índices de diversidade, abundância, distribuição espacial e sazonalidade de besouros associados ao solo. Resultados evidenciaram maior ocorrência de besouros carabídeos nas faixas de plantas herbáceas. Scarabaeidae e Staphylinidae, por sua vez, não obtiveram crescimento populacional nas áreas de maior diversidade vegetal. A distribuição de espécies de Carabidae e Scarabaeidae foi apresentada de forma agregada sendo que a ocorrência dos insetos dessa família foi influenciada principalmente pela temperatura e umidade relativa.
The reduction of plant diversity in agroecosystems can affect predator insect populations due to the restriction of shelter and food resources. Studies about the role of herbaceous plants have shown the increase of biodiversity and the influence of composition and distribution on predator insects communities in the field. These dates may assist in the elaboration of the conservative biological control management programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity and abundance of ground beetles in the agroecosystem with soybean crop (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and evaluate the dispersion of these insects in the habitat. The study was performed between 2014 November and 2016 September in Jaboticabal- SP. The essay was made in the field with 2 ha of soybean crop and herbaceous plant in two edges and the sample was performed with pitfall traps. The dates were analyzed and the diversity, abundance, seasonality indexes and spatial distribution of insects were calculated. The results pointed out that herbaceous plants affect positively the carabid beetle occurrence, but not affect Scarabaeidae and Staphylinidae. The distribution of insects was aggregate in the agroecosystem and the meteorological factors affect the occurrence of Carabidae and Staphylinidae beetles.
The reduction of plant diversity in agroecosystems can affect predator insect populations due to the restriction of shelter and food resources. Studies about the role of herbaceous plants have shown the increase of biodiversity and the influence of composition and distribution on predator insects communities in the field. These dates may assist in the elaboration of the conservative biological control management programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity and abundance of ground beetles in the agroecosystem with soybean crop (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and evaluate the dispersion of these insects in the habitat. The study was performed between 2014 November and 2016 September in Jaboticabal- SP. The essay was made in the field with 2 ha of soybean crop and herbaceous plant in two edges and the sample was performed with pitfall traps. The dates were analyzed and the diversity, abundance, seasonality indexes and spatial distribution of insects were calculated. The results pointed out that herbaceous plants affect positively the carabid beetle occurrence, but not affect Scarabaeidae and Staphylinidae. The distribution of insects was aggregate in the agroecosystem and the meteorological factors affect the occurrence of Carabidae and Staphylinidae beetles.
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Carabidae, Glycine max, Scarabaeidae, Staphylinidae, Armadilha alçapão, Pitfall traps