Os estruturantes do processo de escolarização na idade adulta: um estudo a partir do PROEJA do IFMT, campus Cuiabá-Octayde Jorge da Silva
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Data
2017-06-26
Autores
Serra, Maria Helena Moreira Dias [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O sistema de ensino brasileiro não tem garantido a permanência do estudante na escola na idade regular e, com isso, há no país um grande contingente de adultos que não concluíram a educação básica. Por outro lado, esses adultos, devido à baixa escolaridade decorrente de um processo de escolarização descontínuo, não se estabelecem adequadamente no mundo do trabalho, necessitando de cursos de profissionalização. Para atender a essas demandas, em 2005, foi criado o Programa de Integração da Educação Básica com a Educação Profissional na Modalidade de Jovens e Adultos – PROEJA. O PROEJA, no entanto, não busca somente a elevação da escolaridade, mas também a formação integral do indivíduo, de forma que possa agir e interagir no mundo e, inclusive, estar preparado para as exigências do mundo do trabalho. Desta forma, esta pesquisa tem por objetivos realizar estudos acerca da Educação de Jovens e Adultos e da Educação Profissional, buscando compreender como o processo de escolarização se insere nas histórias de vida de alunos que retomam a escolarização na idade adulta, via PROEJA do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso – IFMT, Campus Cuiabá – Octayde Jorge da Silva. Sendo assim, compreendendo que as políticas públicas são perpassadas por ideologias; que o homem é um ser de direitos, mas antes é um ser social e cultural, que trabalha e se educa; e que o processo de socialização, a formação da cultura e do “habitus” relacionam-se diretamente com a educação escolar e com o trabalho, assim como a classe e a possibilidade de mobilidade social, a investigação parte do pressuposto que a educação escolar pode modificar o “habitus”, pois este é socialmente construído e pode modificar-se, reformular-se por meio das mudanças individuais e sociais e, assim, definir novas posições dos agentes nas estruturas sociais. Fundamentada, principalmente, em Bourdieu (1986; 1989; 2007; 2013), Dubet (2003; 2004) Willis (1991), Lahire (1997), Thin (2006), Charlot (2000), Marx (1989; 2010; 2013), Marx e Engels (1992; 2011; 2013) Gramsci (1995; 2004), Freire (1987; 1996; 2001), a investigação ocorreu dentro dos princípios da pesquisa qualitativa de cunho interpretativo. Para a coleta de dados de campo foram utilizados como instrumentos o questionário e a entrevista semiestruturada, com possibilidade de narrativa. Os dados que emergiram foram descritos e analisados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo e sua interpretação aponta para uma possível reestruturação com relação à cultura do estudo.
The Brazilian education system has not guaranteed the student stay in school at the regular age, for this reason, it has in the country a large number of adults who have not completed basic education. On the other hand, these adults due to uncompleted education, in consequence of a discontinuous schooling, do not properly set in the world of work, requiring professional training courses. To solve these demands, in 2005, it was created the Program of Professional and Basic Education for Youth and Adults - PROEJA. PROEJA, however, does not only seeks the elevation of education, but also the integral formation of the individual, in way that it can act and interact in the world and even be prepared for the demands of the working world. Thus, this research aims to conduct studies on the Youth and Adult Education and Professional Education, seeking to understand how the educational process is included in the life stories of students who return to school in adulthood, via PROEJA of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso – IFMT, Campus Cuiabá – Octayde Jorge da Silva. Thus, understanding that public policies are pervaded by ideology; that man is a being of rights, but rather is a social and cultural being, who works and educates; and that the process of socialization, the formation of culture and "habitus" relate directly to school education and work, as well as class and the possibility of social mobility, this research assumes that education can modify the "habitus", as it is socially constructed and can be changed if reshape through individual and social change and thus define new positions of agents in social structures. The research was based mainly on Bourdieu (1986; 1989; 2007; 2013), Dubet (2003; 2004) Willis (1991), Lahire (1997), Thin (2006), Charlot (2000), Marx (1989; 2010; 2013), Marx and Engels (1992; 2011; 2013) Gramsci (1995; 2004), Freire (1987; 1996; 2001), and was conducted under the principles of qualitative research, in an interpretative way. As instruments of data collection it was used questionnaire and semistructured interview, with possibility of narrative. Emerging data were described and analyzed through Content Analysis and the interpretation of them point to a possible restructuring concerning to the culture of study.
The Brazilian education system has not guaranteed the student stay in school at the regular age, for this reason, it has in the country a large number of adults who have not completed basic education. On the other hand, these adults due to uncompleted education, in consequence of a discontinuous schooling, do not properly set in the world of work, requiring professional training courses. To solve these demands, in 2005, it was created the Program of Professional and Basic Education for Youth and Adults - PROEJA. PROEJA, however, does not only seeks the elevation of education, but also the integral formation of the individual, in way that it can act and interact in the world and even be prepared for the demands of the working world. Thus, this research aims to conduct studies on the Youth and Adult Education and Professional Education, seeking to understand how the educational process is included in the life stories of students who return to school in adulthood, via PROEJA of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso – IFMT, Campus Cuiabá – Octayde Jorge da Silva. Thus, understanding that public policies are pervaded by ideology; that man is a being of rights, but rather is a social and cultural being, who works and educates; and that the process of socialization, the formation of culture and "habitus" relate directly to school education and work, as well as class and the possibility of social mobility, this research assumes that education can modify the "habitus", as it is socially constructed and can be changed if reshape through individual and social change and thus define new positions of agents in social structures. The research was based mainly on Bourdieu (1986; 1989; 2007; 2013), Dubet (2003; 2004) Willis (1991), Lahire (1997), Thin (2006), Charlot (2000), Marx (1989; 2010; 2013), Marx and Engels (1992; 2011; 2013) Gramsci (1995; 2004), Freire (1987; 1996; 2001), and was conducted under the principles of qualitative research, in an interpretative way. As instruments of data collection it was used questionnaire and semistructured interview, with possibility of narrative. Emerging data were described and analyzed through Content Analysis and the interpretation of them point to a possible restructuring concerning to the culture of study.
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Palavras-chave
Educação básica, Educação de jovens e adultos, Educação profissional, Trajetórias escolares e profissionais, Projetos de vida, Basic education, Youth and adult education, Professional education, School and professional yrajectories, Life projects