Imaginação e os processos criativos na perspectiva sócio histórica: análise do trabalho pedagógico com crianças com visão subnormal
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Data
2017-05-26
Autores
Sita, Daniele Evangelista [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar se a prática pedagógica de professores especialistas, que trabalhavam com crianças deficientes visuais, se organizava de modo que contribuísse com o desenvolvimento dos processos imaginativos e criativos de tais crianças. Os processos criativos emergem em atividades lúdicas, nos desenhos e na produção de narrativas na infância. De acordo com a teoria sócio histórica de Vigotski, assim como qualquer outra função psicológica superior, a imaginação e a criação têm sua origem no social e se modificam ao longo do desenvolvimento humano. Elas não surgem de repente, mas lenta e gradualmente, desenvolvendo-se do mais simples para formas mais complexas. Constroem-se a partir dos materiais captados do mundo real e estão diretamente relacionadas com a riqueza e a variedade das experiências acumuladas pelo homem. A presente pesquisa, fundamentada pela teoria sócio histórica, observou e analisou o trabalho de quatro professoras do Instituto Roberto Miranda, localizado na cidade de Londrina, que atende pessoas com deficiência visual. Foram realizadas entrevistas e observações em sala ao longo de cinco meses. Com os dados coletados, pôde-se perceber que não houve nenhum trabalho intencionalmente pensado com o objetivo de desenvolver nas crianças a imaginação e a criação, mas que, por outro lado, as professoras tinham como característica desenvolver suas propostas pedagógicas por meio de atividades lúdicas, então, consequentemente, tais processos estavam sendo estimulados. Além disso, deve-se ressaltar que o trabalho pedagógico didático também contribui para o desenvolvimento da imaginação e da criação, pois como dissemos, eles dependem das apropriações que as crianças fazem do mundo, então quanto mais ela conhecer, maior será sua capacidade de imaginar e criar. Podemos concluir que as atividades desenvolvidas pelas professoras do Instituto contribuem para o desenvolvimento da imaginação e da criação em crianças com deficiência visual, mas tal trabalho poderia ser potencializado se houvesse uma proposta pedagógica que valorizasse tais aspectos e trabalhasse intencionalmente para isso. A imaginação é a função psicológica responsável pela criação de cenários, de ideias e objetos que não estão presentes na realidade. Ela permite que o homem se projete para o futuro e a escola não pode continuar ignorando esse fato. As crianças precisam ser apoiadas na criação e no desenvolvimento afetivo de suas ideias, porque não podemos nos esquecer que todo o saber foi produzido historicamente por homens que tiveram a capacidade de imaginar e criar.
The aim of this research was to investigate whether the pedagogical practice of specialist teachers working with visually impaired children was organized in such a way as to contribute to the development of the imaginative and creative processes of such children. Creative processes emerge in playful activities, in the drawings and in the production of narratives in childhood. According to Vygotsky's socio-historical theory, like any other higher psychological function, imagination and creation have their origin in the social and change throughout human development. They do not arise suddenly, but slowly and gradually, developing from the simplest to more complex forms. They are constructed from materials captured in the real world and are directly related to the richness and variety of experiences accumulated by man. The present research, based on socio - historical theory, observed and analyzed the work of four teachers of the Roberto Miranda Institute, located in the city of Londrina, which serves people with visual impairment. Interviews and observations were carried out in the room during five months. With the data collected, it was possible to perceive that there was no intentionally thoughtful work with the objective of developing in children the imagination and the creation, but that, on the other hand, the teachers had as characteristic to develop their pedagogical proposals through playful activities , Then, consequently, such processes were being stimulated. In addition, it should be emphasized that didactic pedagogical work also contributes to the development of imagination and creation, because as we said, they depend on the appropriations that children make of the world, so the more they know about it, the greater their ability to imagine And create. We can conclude that the activities developed by the Institute's teachers contribute to the development of imagination and creativity in visually impaired children, but such work could be enhanced if there was a pedagogical proposal that valued these aspects and worked intentionally for it. Imagination is the psychological function responsible for creating scenarios, ideas and objects that are not present in our reality. It allows man to project himself into the future and the school can not continue to ignore this fact, children need to be supported in the creation and affective development of their ideas, because we can not forget that all knowledge has been produced historically by men who Had the ability to imagine and create.
The aim of this research was to investigate whether the pedagogical practice of specialist teachers working with visually impaired children was organized in such a way as to contribute to the development of the imaginative and creative processes of such children. Creative processes emerge in playful activities, in the drawings and in the production of narratives in childhood. According to Vygotsky's socio-historical theory, like any other higher psychological function, imagination and creation have their origin in the social and change throughout human development. They do not arise suddenly, but slowly and gradually, developing from the simplest to more complex forms. They are constructed from materials captured in the real world and are directly related to the richness and variety of experiences accumulated by man. The present research, based on socio - historical theory, observed and analyzed the work of four teachers of the Roberto Miranda Institute, located in the city of Londrina, which serves people with visual impairment. Interviews and observations were carried out in the room during five months. With the data collected, it was possible to perceive that there was no intentionally thoughtful work with the objective of developing in children the imagination and the creation, but that, on the other hand, the teachers had as characteristic to develop their pedagogical proposals through playful activities , Then, consequently, such processes were being stimulated. In addition, it should be emphasized that didactic pedagogical work also contributes to the development of imagination and creation, because as we said, they depend on the appropriations that children make of the world, so the more they know about it, the greater their ability to imagine And create. We can conclude that the activities developed by the Institute's teachers contribute to the development of imagination and creativity in visually impaired children, but such work could be enhanced if there was a pedagogical proposal that valued these aspects and worked intentionally for it. Imagination is the psychological function responsible for creating scenarios, ideas and objects that are not present in our reality. It allows man to project himself into the future and the school can not continue to ignore this fact, children need to be supported in the creation and affective development of their ideas, because we can not forget that all knowledge has been produced historically by men who Had the ability to imagine and create.
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Palavras-chave
Deficiência visual, Psicologia sócio histórica, Imaginação e criação, Visual impairment, Socio-historical psychology, Imagination and creation