Desenvolvimento e aplicação de óxidos mistos porosos de vanádio e molibdênio como catalisadores na desidratação oxidativa do glicerol
Data
2017-07-28
Autores
Rasteiro, Letícia Fernanda [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho descreve a avaliação de óxidos mistos porosos de vanádio e molibdênio na reação de desidratação oxidativa do glicerol a ácido acrílico em uma única etapa. O trabalho divide-se em duas partes, em que na primeira tem-se a síntese, caracterização e avaliação catalítica dos materiais inicialmente sem tensoativos para posterior aplicação das condições ideias encontradas nesta etapa na segunda etapa, sendo ela a síntese, caracterização e avaliação catalítica dos materiais porosos. Na preparação dos materiais sem tensoativos variou-se a atmosfera de síntese e de tratamento térmico, mostrando que diferentes fases cristalinas eram formadas para cada condição distinta e por meio do método de Rietveld fez-se a quantificação dessas fases cristalinas formadas para cada amostra. Ao correlacionar as fases cristalinas presentes em cada amostra com os resultados catalíticos, observou-se que o melhor resultado se deu para aquela sintetizada e tratada termicamente em atmosfera de O2, no qual a fase Mo4,65V0,35O14 era predominante. Avaliou-se também a acidez dos materiais, porém os mesmos apresentaram poucas quantidades de sítios ácidos totais. Analisou-se também as condições para a reação catalítica, variando-se a temperatura e a atmosfera de reação. Por meio de todo o estudo das melhores condições concluiu-se que sintetizar e tratar termicamente em atmosfera de O2 leva aos melhores resultados catalíticos e que realizar a reação catalítica em atmosfera de O2 a 320°C melhora ainda mais a atividade catalítica do material. Através de uma análise após a reação notou-se que não houve formação de compostos carbonáceos e que o equilíbrio na quantidade das fases contendo o vanádio nas formas reduzida e oxidado é o responsável pela melhor atividade catalítica encontrada e que a presença de V+4 é imprescindível para a etapa de oxidação de acroleína a ácido acrílico. Na segunda etapa do trabalho, avaliou-se a influência da inserção dos poros no material pela adição de tensoativos à síntese em que se obteve os melhores resultados catalíticos na reação da desidratação oxidativa do glicerol. Sintetizou-se os catalisadores com 3 diferentes tensoativos em 3 razões tensoativo/(Mo+V) distintas, nas condições encontradas na parte 1 do trabalho. Caracterizou-se os materiais por difração de raios-X, dessorção de amônia a temperatura programada, porosimetria de mercúrio, picnometria de hélio, termogravimetria e fisissorção de nitrogênio. Observou-se a formação das fases cristalinas iguais ao do material de referência (MoV-O2(O2)), como já esperado e o aumento da porosidade para todos os catalisadores. Os materiais apresentaram acidez total menor do que a da referência porém com aumento na quantidade de sítios mais fortes. Não se observou a formação de coque nas amostras analisadas após a reação. Observou-se uma melhora significativa nos resultados catalíticos comparados aos catalisadores sem poros, principalmente para o catalisador SDS-0,10, alcançando uma seletividade para ácido acrílico de 56% e 100% de conversão, mostrando que os objetivos iniciais do trabalho foram alcançados.
This work describes the evaluation of porous vanadium and molybdenum mixed oxides in the one-step glycerol oxydehydration to acrylic acid. The work was separated in two parts, where the first one is the synthesis, characterization and catalytic evaluation of the materials initially without the pores for later application of the ideal conditions found in this stage in the second stage, being it the synthesis, characterization and catalytic evaluation of porous materials. In the materials preparation without pores, the synthesis and heat treatment atmosphere was varied, showing that different crystalline phases were formed for each distinct condition and by means of the Rietveld refinement method the crystalline phases formed for each sample were quantified. By correlating the crystalline phases present in each sample with the catalytic results, it was observed that the best result was obtained for the one synthesized and thermally treated in O2 atmosphere, in which the Mo4.65V0.35O14 crystalline phase was predominant. The acidity of the materials was also evaluated, but they presented few amounts of total acid sites. The conditions for the catalytic reaction were also analyzed by varying the reaction temperature and the reaction atmosphere. Throughout the study of the best conditions it was concluded that synthesizing and thermally treating in O2 atmosphere leads to the best catalytic results and that performing the catalytic reaction in an O2 atmosphere at 320°C further improves the catalytic activity of the material. It was observed that there was no formation of carbonaceous compounds and that the equilibrium in the amount of the phases containing the vanadium in the reduced and oxidized forms is responsible for the best catalytic activity found and that the presence of V+4 is essential for the oxidation step of acrolein to acrylic acid. In the second stage of the work, was evaluated the material porosity influence in the glycerol oxydehydration to acrylic acid. The catalysts were synthesized with 3 different surfactants in 3 different surfactant/(Mo + V) ratios, under the ideal conditions found in part 1 of the work. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, mercury porosimetry, helium pycnometry, thermogravimetry and nitrogen physisorption. The formation of the same crystalline phases as that of the reference (MoV-O2(O2)) was observed for the porous catalysts, as already expected and was observed an increase in the porosity to all the catalysts prepared with surfactants. The materials presented lower total acidity than the reference, but with an increase in the number of strongest sites. No coke formation was observed in the analyzed samples after the reaction. The catalytic tests performed in the best conditions seen in part 1 of this work showed a significant improvement in the catalytic results compared to the non-porous catalysts, especially for the SDS-0.10 catalyst, achieving 56% of selectivity for acrylic acid and 100% of conversion, showing that the initial objectives of the work were achieved.
This work describes the evaluation of porous vanadium and molybdenum mixed oxides in the one-step glycerol oxydehydration to acrylic acid. The work was separated in two parts, where the first one is the synthesis, characterization and catalytic evaluation of the materials initially without the pores for later application of the ideal conditions found in this stage in the second stage, being it the synthesis, characterization and catalytic evaluation of porous materials. In the materials preparation without pores, the synthesis and heat treatment atmosphere was varied, showing that different crystalline phases were formed for each distinct condition and by means of the Rietveld refinement method the crystalline phases formed for each sample were quantified. By correlating the crystalline phases present in each sample with the catalytic results, it was observed that the best result was obtained for the one synthesized and thermally treated in O2 atmosphere, in which the Mo4.65V0.35O14 crystalline phase was predominant. The acidity of the materials was also evaluated, but they presented few amounts of total acid sites. The conditions for the catalytic reaction were also analyzed by varying the reaction temperature and the reaction atmosphere. Throughout the study of the best conditions it was concluded that synthesizing and thermally treating in O2 atmosphere leads to the best catalytic results and that performing the catalytic reaction in an O2 atmosphere at 320°C further improves the catalytic activity of the material. It was observed that there was no formation of carbonaceous compounds and that the equilibrium in the amount of the phases containing the vanadium in the reduced and oxidized forms is responsible for the best catalytic activity found and that the presence of V+4 is essential for the oxidation step of acrolein to acrylic acid. In the second stage of the work, was evaluated the material porosity influence in the glycerol oxydehydration to acrylic acid. The catalysts were synthesized with 3 different surfactants in 3 different surfactant/(Mo + V) ratios, under the ideal conditions found in part 1 of the work. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, mercury porosimetry, helium pycnometry, thermogravimetry and nitrogen physisorption. The formation of the same crystalline phases as that of the reference (MoV-O2(O2)) was observed for the porous catalysts, as already expected and was observed an increase in the porosity to all the catalysts prepared with surfactants. The materials presented lower total acidity than the reference, but with an increase in the number of strongest sites. No coke formation was observed in the analyzed samples after the reaction. The catalytic tests performed in the best conditions seen in part 1 of this work showed a significant improvement in the catalytic results compared to the non-porous catalysts, especially for the SDS-0.10 catalyst, achieving 56% of selectivity for acrylic acid and 100% of conversion, showing that the initial objectives of the work were achieved.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Óxidos mistos, Glicerol, Desidratação oxidativa, Ácido acrílico, Materiais porosos, Mixed oxides, Oxydehydration, Glycerol, Acrylic acid, Porous materials