Etapas de beneficiamento na qualidade física, fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha
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Data
2017-07-28
Autores
Jeromini, Tatiane Sanches [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As sementes de gramíneas forrageiras recebidas pelas empresas após a colheita contêm impurezas que comprometem a qualidade dos lotes e que podem ser removidas por máquinas de beneficiamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das diferentes etapas do beneficiamento sobre a qualidade física, fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú. As sementes foram amostradas antes do beneficiamento e após a saída da máquina de ar e peneiras (descarga das peneiras superior, intermediária e fundo), primeira (deriva, descarga superior e intermediária) e segunda mesa gravitacional (descarga superior e intermediária e inferior). As sementes foram avaliadas quanto ao teor de água, pureza, peso de mil sementes, raios X, germinação, testes de vigor pela primeira contagem, envelhecimento acelerado, emergência de plântulas em campo, índice de velocidade de emergência, análise computadorizada de imagens (índice de crescimento, uniformidade e vigor) e qualidade sanitária. O beneficiamento de sementes de B. brizantha cv. Marandú por meio da máquina de ar e peneiras e da primeira mesa gravitacional aprimorou a qualidade física e fisiológica do lote. Somente o material procedente da descarga intermediária da primeira mesa gravitacional apresentou germinação e pureza suficiente para ser comercializado como semente. O beneficiamento não foi capaz de melhorar a qualidade sanitária das sementes B. brizantha cv. Marandú. A análise computadorizada de plântulas não foi eficiente para a avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de B. brizantha.
Forage grasses seeds received by companies after harvesting contain impurities that compromise lots quality and can be removed by processing machines. The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of the different processing phases on physic, physiological and sanitary quality of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú seeds. The seeds were sampled before processing and after leaving the air and screen machine (upper and intermediary screens and bottom); first gravity table (drift, upper and intermediate spouts); second gravity table (upper, intermediate, and lower spouts). Seeds were evaluated as to water content, purity, 1000 seeds weight, X - rays, germination, vigor tests of first count of germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence in the field, speed of emergence index, computerized image analysis (growth index, uniformity and vigor) and sanitary quality. The processing of B. brizantha cv. Marandu seeds with the air and screen machine first gravity table improved the physical and physiological quality of the lot. Only the material of intermediate discharge of the first gravity table presented purity and germination enough to be marketed. The processing is not able to improve the sanitary quality of marketable seeds of B. brizantha cv. Marandu. The computerized analysis of seedlings was not efficient for the evaluation of the physiological quality of B. brizantha seeds.
Forage grasses seeds received by companies after harvesting contain impurities that compromise lots quality and can be removed by processing machines. The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of the different processing phases on physic, physiological and sanitary quality of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú seeds. The seeds were sampled before processing and after leaving the air and screen machine (upper and intermediary screens and bottom); first gravity table (drift, upper and intermediate spouts); second gravity table (upper, intermediate, and lower spouts). Seeds were evaluated as to water content, purity, 1000 seeds weight, X - rays, germination, vigor tests of first count of germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence in the field, speed of emergence index, computerized image analysis (growth index, uniformity and vigor) and sanitary quality. The processing of B. brizantha cv. Marandu seeds with the air and screen machine first gravity table improved the physical and physiological quality of the lot. Only the material of intermediate discharge of the first gravity table presented purity and germination enough to be marketed. The processing is not able to improve the sanitary quality of marketable seeds of B. brizantha cv. Marandu. The computerized analysis of seedlings was not efficient for the evaluation of the physiological quality of B. brizantha seeds.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Germinação, Gramínea forrageira, Raios X, SVIS, Vigor, Germination, Forrage grass, X-ray, SVIS©