Conhecimentos implícitos e explícitos de professores de química em formação inicial: a implementação de unidades didáticas multiestratégicas como percurso formativo
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Data
2017-08-24
Autores
Bego, Thiago Moura [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta é uma pesquisa mestrado desenvolvida no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química do Instituto de Química da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, câmpus de Araraquara. A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar sobre a implementação de Unidade Didática Multiestratégica (UDM) no âmbito das disciplinas de Instrumentação para o Ensino de Química e Estágio Curricular Supervisionado V. Para tanto, foi formulada o seguinte problema de pesquisa: de que modo a implementação de UDM incide sobre o princípio de um processo de construção do conhecimento profissional de professores de química em formação inicial? Para a consecução do objetivo de pesquisa, optou-se pela realização de uma pesquisa não-experimental quantitativa e qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso. Com o intuito de operacionalizar o processo de investigação e viabilizar a resposta do problema de pesquisa, foram formuladas as seguintes questões de pesquisa: 1. quais são as concepções prévias acerca do conhecimento escolar dos licenciandos?; 2. quais são os conhecimentos explícitos dos licenciandos presentes no planejamento da UDM?; 3. quais conhecimentos implícitos presentes nos licenciandos são identificados na reflexão sobre a aplicação da UDM?; 4. como o processo de implementação de uma UDM incide sobre a explicitação, conscientização e crítica dos conhecimentos implícitos de professores de química em formação inicial? Conforme a abordagem de pesquisa escolhida, as fontes de informação foram: sujeitos e documentos. Os sujeitos foram: 15 alunos de graduação do curso de licenciatura em química que frequentaram as disciplinas de Instrumentação para o Ensino de Química e Estágio Curricular Supervisionado V, que foram ministradas no primeiro e segundo semestre de 2016, respectivamente. Os documentos utilizados foram: a elaboração de uma UDM e o trabalho em grupo para propor justificativas às modificações que foram realizadas na reelaboração da UDM. Como conclusão do estudo de caso, pode-se verificar que os licenciandos apresentaram concepções prévias acerca do conhecimento escolar bastante distantes de concepções marcadamente tradicionais, mostrando claros indícios de mudança e evolução de suas concepções de ensino e aprendizagem. Os conhecimentos explícitos da docência apresentam elementos que levam os licenciandos a elaborarem seu planejamento de acordo com teorias pedagógicas mais complexas e contemporâneas. Porém, foram identificados também alguns elementos característicos dos Enfoques Tradicional, Tecnicista e Espontaneísta. Evidenciaram-se a incidência e resistência de alguns conhecimentos implícitos relacionados a visões superficiais sobre os processos de ensino e aprendizagem e análises simplificadoras dos problemas enfrentados na prática, além da presença de rotinas não fundamentadas e pouco refletidas oriundas da formação ambiental. No entanto, o processo de reflexão crítica e fundamentada se mostrou profícuo e fez emergir alguns conhecimentos implícitos, bem como favoreceu o desenvolvimento do conhecimento profissional docente. Por fim, conclui-se que a implementação da UDM apresenta um grande potencial na formação de professores de ciências como profissionais reflexivos, críticos e pesquisadores da própria prática.
This is a master's degree research developed in the scope of the Graduate Program in Chemistry of the Institute of Chemistry of the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Araraquara campuses. The research’s aim has been to investigate the implementation of a Multistrategic Teaching Unit (MTU) in the scope of the Instrumentation disciplines for Teaching Chemistry and Supervised Curricular Internship V. Therefore, the following research question have been formulated: how does the implementation of MTU affect the principle of a building process of the professional knowledge of chemistry teachers in initial formation? In order to achieve the research objective, a quantitative and qualitative non-experimental research of the case study type have been chosen. In order to operationalize the research process and make the research problem feasible, the following research questions have been formulated: 1. What are the previous conceptions about the school knowledge of the undergraduates ?; 2. What is the explicit knowledge of the undergraduates present in the planning of the MTU ?; 3. What implicit knowledge is identified in the MTU application ?; 4. How does the process of implementing a MTU promote awareness and criticism of the implicit knowledge identified and the development of professional teacher knowledge? According to the chosen research approach, the sources of information have been: subjects and documents. The subjects have been: 15 undergraduate students of the Chemistry course who have attended the courses of Instrumentation for Teaching Chemistry and Supervised Curricular Internship V, which have taught in the first and second semester of 2016, respectively. The documents that have been used: the elaboration of a MTU and the group work with justifications for the modifications that have been made in the re-elaboration of the MTU. As conclusion of the case study, it can be verified that the undergraduates have presented previous conceptions about the school knowledge quite distant of conceptions markedly traditional, showing clear signs of change and evolution of their conceptions of teaching and learning. The explicit knowledge of the teacher presents elements that lead him to elaborate his planning according to more complex and contemporary pedagogical theories. However, characteristic elements of the Traditional, Technicist and Spontaneist Approaches have also been identified. It has been evidenced the incidence and resistance of some implicit knowledge related to superficial visions about the teaching and learning process and simplifying analyzes of the problems faced in practice and the presence of unreflected and poorly thought out routines from environmental training. However, the process of critical and grounded reflection have been proved to be profitable and it have been given rise some implicit knowledge, as well this have favored the development of professional teacher knowledge. Finally, the MTU implementation has great potential in the training of science teachers as reflective professionals, critics and researchers of the practice itself, favoring a better development in professional teacher knowledge.
This is a master's degree research developed in the scope of the Graduate Program in Chemistry of the Institute of Chemistry of the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Araraquara campuses. The research’s aim has been to investigate the implementation of a Multistrategic Teaching Unit (MTU) in the scope of the Instrumentation disciplines for Teaching Chemistry and Supervised Curricular Internship V. Therefore, the following research question have been formulated: how does the implementation of MTU affect the principle of a building process of the professional knowledge of chemistry teachers in initial formation? In order to achieve the research objective, a quantitative and qualitative non-experimental research of the case study type have been chosen. In order to operationalize the research process and make the research problem feasible, the following research questions have been formulated: 1. What are the previous conceptions about the school knowledge of the undergraduates ?; 2. What is the explicit knowledge of the undergraduates present in the planning of the MTU ?; 3. What implicit knowledge is identified in the MTU application ?; 4. How does the process of implementing a MTU promote awareness and criticism of the implicit knowledge identified and the development of professional teacher knowledge? According to the chosen research approach, the sources of information have been: subjects and documents. The subjects have been: 15 undergraduate students of the Chemistry course who have attended the courses of Instrumentation for Teaching Chemistry and Supervised Curricular Internship V, which have taught in the first and second semester of 2016, respectively. The documents that have been used: the elaboration of a MTU and the group work with justifications for the modifications that have been made in the re-elaboration of the MTU. As conclusion of the case study, it can be verified that the undergraduates have presented previous conceptions about the school knowledge quite distant of conceptions markedly traditional, showing clear signs of change and evolution of their conceptions of teaching and learning. The explicit knowledge of the teacher presents elements that lead him to elaborate his planning according to more complex and contemporary pedagogical theories. However, characteristic elements of the Traditional, Technicist and Spontaneist Approaches have also been identified. It has been evidenced the incidence and resistance of some implicit knowledge related to superficial visions about the teaching and learning process and simplifying analyzes of the problems faced in practice and the presence of unreflected and poorly thought out routines from environmental training. However, the process of critical and grounded reflection have been proved to be profitable and it have been given rise some implicit knowledge, as well this have favored the development of professional teacher knowledge. Finally, the MTU implementation has great potential in the training of science teachers as reflective professionals, critics and researchers of the practice itself, favoring a better development in professional teacher knowledge.
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Palavras-chave
Formação inicial de professores, Conhecimento explícito, Conhecimento implícito, Unidade didática, Estudo de caso, Initial teachers formation, Explicit knowledge, Implicit knowledge, Didactic unit. multistrategic, Teaching unit, Case study