Contribuição do método AFAST ao atendimento de animais selvagens
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Data
2017-08-29
Autores
Doiche, Danuta Pulz [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Dentro do diagnóstico por imagem, a ultrassonografia tem maior possibilidade de portabilidade a um menor custo, e pode trazer importantes contribuições no estudo da anatomia e diagnóstico desses animais selvagens, além da ultrassonografia abdominal convencional, temos hoje a técnica AFAST, ultrassonografia abdominal focada para o trauma, exame objetivo para pesquisa de derrames cavitários, que pode contribuir para com a agilidade da abordagem dos selvagens. O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar a aplicabilidade da AFAST na rotina de atendimento de mamíferos selvagens e sugerir opções de abordagens nas espécies em que a técnica não pudesse ser aplicada da forma proposta na literatura, além de novos usos possivelmente detectados e estudar a anatomia ultrassonográfica do estômago dos tamanduás bandeira e mirim. No período de um ano 48 animais participaram do primeiro estudo, os felideos, canideos e primatas não ofereceram dificuldades de aplicação, enquanto os cervos, tamanduás, tatu e mustalideo demandaram modificações. Quatro animais apresentaram líquido livre abdominal que foi detectado pelo exame. Os achados do AFAST foram comparados com os métodos complementares utilizados em cada caso (laparotomia exploratória, ultrassonografia abdominal completa, necrópsia, exames laboratoriais, etc). Em nenhum dos animais houve resultado falso-negativo. Sugere-se que seja realizada por ultrassonografista experiente ou profissional bem-treinado com experiência prévia, para que, após o AFAST e coleta de material quando positivo, possa realizar o exame abdominal completo uma vez que o acesso a esses animais é difícil e o manejo anestésico tem que ser aproveitado ao máximo evitando novas manipulações desnecessárias. A ultrassonografia possibilitou estudo adequado da anatomia gástrica, se pode detectar, comparado aos cães e gatos, que a estratificação mural é mantida, porém com espessamento da camada muscular e submucosa na região de parte do corpo e antro-pilórico. Nessa região a camada muscular representa mais de 50% da espessura total da parede. O aspecto do conteúdo gástrico variou entre os animais de cativeiro e de vida livre.
Within the diagnostic imaging, ultrasound can be portable and at a low cost and provides important contribution to the anatomy studies and diagnosis in wild animals routine. Besides conventional ultrasonography, there is today the abdominal focused assessment ultrasound for trauma (AFAST), objective examination for detection of abdominal free fluid, that could have great value in the quick approach the wild animals management needs. The goals of this study was to test the applicability of AFAST in routine treatment of these patients and suggest options of approaches in species that were detected any difficulties, in addition to new possibilites of use detected and study the gastric ultrasound appearance in giant anteaters. In a period of one year, 48 animals were included in the study, felideos, canideos and primates offered no difficulties of implementation, while deers, giant anteaters, armadillos and otter needed modifications. Four animals showed free liquid in the abdomen detected by AFAST screening. The findings of the technique were compared with the complementary methods used in each case (exploratory laparotomy, abdominal ultrasound, necropsy, laboratory analyzes, etc.). None of the exams presented false-negative results. This study suggest it is better to be held by experienced ultrasonographer or a well-trained professional with previous experience, so that, after AFAST and collection of material when positive, a complete abdominal examination can be performed, since access to these animals is difficult and the anesthetic management has to be leveraged to the maximum avoiding further unnecessary manipulations. Ultrasonography also permitted great evaluation of the gastric sonography features showing that the muscular layer is almost 50% of the hole wall, with hyperechoic concentric thin lines and the submucosal layer is also thicker and hyperechogenic compared to the small animals. The gastric content was variable when comparing wild individuals with captivity kept ones.
Within the diagnostic imaging, ultrasound can be portable and at a low cost and provides important contribution to the anatomy studies and diagnosis in wild animals routine. Besides conventional ultrasonography, there is today the abdominal focused assessment ultrasound for trauma (AFAST), objective examination for detection of abdominal free fluid, that could have great value in the quick approach the wild animals management needs. The goals of this study was to test the applicability of AFAST in routine treatment of these patients and suggest options of approaches in species that were detected any difficulties, in addition to new possibilites of use detected and study the gastric ultrasound appearance in giant anteaters. In a period of one year, 48 animals were included in the study, felideos, canideos and primates offered no difficulties of implementation, while deers, giant anteaters, armadillos and otter needed modifications. Four animals showed free liquid in the abdomen detected by AFAST screening. The findings of the technique were compared with the complementary methods used in each case (exploratory laparotomy, abdominal ultrasound, necropsy, laboratory analyzes, etc.). None of the exams presented false-negative results. This study suggest it is better to be held by experienced ultrasonographer or a well-trained professional with previous experience, so that, after AFAST and collection of material when positive, a complete abdominal examination can be performed, since access to these animals is difficult and the anesthetic management has to be leveraged to the maximum avoiding further unnecessary manipulations. Ultrasonography also permitted great evaluation of the gastric sonography features showing that the muscular layer is almost 50% of the hole wall, with hyperechoic concentric thin lines and the submucosal layer is also thicker and hyperechogenic compared to the small animals. The gastric content was variable when comparing wild individuals with captivity kept ones.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ultrassom, Trauma, Diagnóstico por imagem, Ultrassonografia focada, Ultrasonography, Trauma, Diagnostic imaging, Focused sonography