Análise multicritério aplicada ao zoneamento agrícola do município de Itaberá-SP
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2017-07-18
Autores
Barros, Ana Clara de [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A avaliação da aptidão agrícola das terras estabelece o uso dos recursos naturais de maneira a impedir situações de subutilização, uma vez que consiste na interpretação das qualidades do ecossistema baseando-se nas suas restrições para o uso agrícola e nas alternativas e possibilidades de correções ou reduções dessas limitações através de diferentes condições de manejo. A utilização imprópria dos recursos naturais e a intensificação do uso agrícola e pecuário desrespeitando a aptidão agrícola, sem levar em conta as potencialidades dos agroecossistemas, é uma das principais razões da degradação ambiental, com sérios comprometimentos do solo, água e biodiversidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer a aptidão agrícola das terras no município de Itaberá, localizado no estado de São Paulo e que apresenta uma área de 108.863,43 ha, discriminando as principais culturas no município, que são milho e soja. O método empregado para a classificação das terras para o uso agrícola foi o Sistema de Avaliação da Aptidão Agrícola das Terras e adotou-se a metodologia fundamentada no uso de geotecnologias aplicando planos de informação como o uso da terra, solos, declividade, temperatura e dados pluviométricos. Essas variáveis foram combinadas utilizando álgebra de mapas por meio da técnica de combinação linear ponderada em que cada um deles foi estimado um fator condicionante à aptidão agrícola das terras. A normalização dos fatores deu-se com base das classes de aptidão que apresentam pesos que variam de um a quatro representando, respectivamente alta, média, baixa e restrita, e a determinação dos pesos pelo método do Processo Hierárquico Analítico (AHP). Com base nos resultados obtidos verificou-se que no município de Itaberá tem a predominância de LATOSSOLO VERMELHO e quanto a declividade, 46,63% da sua área total apresenta- se em relevo ondulado (8-20%) e em pequenas proporções, 6,85% tem-se em relevo forte ondulado (20-45%). A temperatura no município varia de 18° a 21°C e na pluviosidade de 773 mm a 1425 mm. O mapa final indicou que grande parte da área de estudo possui um alto nível de aptidão agrícola (43,05% total da área), seguida por áreas de médio grau de aptidão (29,34%), áreas com baixa aptidão representa 22,12% e por último com apenas 5,49% áreas restritas para aptidão agrícola no município. Desta forma, conclui-se que a área de estudo é em quase sua totalidade apta para aptidão agrícola das culturas do milho e da soja, e que devido a esses graus de classificação (alto, médio, baixo e restrito) deve-se atentar para que medidas de conservação sejam implantadas e assim, além de contribuir para uma melhora na qualidade do solo resulte em uma lavoura de alta qualidade e produtividade.
The assessment of agriculture aptitude of the lands establishes the use of the natural resourses in a way to prevent situations of underutilization, since it consists in the interpretation of the qualities of the ecosystem based on its restrictions for the agricultural use and the alternatives and possibilities of corrections or reductions Maximum conditions of handling conditions. The improper use of natural resources and the intensification of agricultural and livestock use, disregarding agricultural aptitude, without taking into account the potential of agroecosystems, is one of the main reasons for environmental degradation, with serious soil, water and biodiversity. The objective of this work was establish the agricultural aptitude of the lands in the county of Itaberá, located in the state of São Paulo and that has an area of 108,863.43 ha, discriminating of the main crops in the municipality, which are corn and soybean. The method used to classification of land for agricultural use was the Land Aptitude Assessment System and the methodology based on the use of geotechnologies was adopted, applying information plans such as land use, soil, slope, temperature and pluviometric data. These variables were combined using maps algebra using a weighted linear combination technique in which each of them was estimeted an conditioning factor that determines agricultural aptitude of the land. The normalization of the weights was based on the agricultural aptitude classes that present scores ranging from one to four representing, respectively high, medium, low and restricted, and the determination of weights by the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). Based on the results obtained, it was observed that in the county of Itaberá has the predominance of RED LATOSOLS and 46.63% for the slope present an ondulade relief (8-20%) and in small proportions, 6.85% has a strong undulated relief (20-45%). The temperature in the county ranges from 18° to 21°C and in the rainfall from 773 mm to 1425 mm. The final map indicated that a large part of the study area has a high level of agricultural aptitude (43.05% total area), followed by areas of medium degree of aptitude (29.34%), areas with low aptitude represents 22.12% and lastly with only 5.49% restricted areas for agricultural aptitude in the county. Thus, it is concluded that the study area is almost entirely suitable for agricultural aptitude of corn and soybean crops, and that due to these grades (high, medium, low and restricted), must be paid attention to conservation measures are implemented, in addition to contributing to an improvement in the quality of the soil results in a high quality farming and productivity.
The assessment of agriculture aptitude of the lands establishes the use of the natural resourses in a way to prevent situations of underutilization, since it consists in the interpretation of the qualities of the ecosystem based on its restrictions for the agricultural use and the alternatives and possibilities of corrections or reductions Maximum conditions of handling conditions. The improper use of natural resources and the intensification of agricultural and livestock use, disregarding agricultural aptitude, without taking into account the potential of agroecosystems, is one of the main reasons for environmental degradation, with serious soil, water and biodiversity. The objective of this work was establish the agricultural aptitude of the lands in the county of Itaberá, located in the state of São Paulo and that has an area of 108,863.43 ha, discriminating of the main crops in the municipality, which are corn and soybean. The method used to classification of land for agricultural use was the Land Aptitude Assessment System and the methodology based on the use of geotechnologies was adopted, applying information plans such as land use, soil, slope, temperature and pluviometric data. These variables were combined using maps algebra using a weighted linear combination technique in which each of them was estimeted an conditioning factor that determines agricultural aptitude of the land. The normalization of the weights was based on the agricultural aptitude classes that present scores ranging from one to four representing, respectively high, medium, low and restricted, and the determination of weights by the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). Based on the results obtained, it was observed that in the county of Itaberá has the predominance of RED LATOSOLS and 46.63% for the slope present an ondulade relief (8-20%) and in small proportions, 6.85% has a strong undulated relief (20-45%). The temperature in the county ranges from 18° to 21°C and in the rainfall from 773 mm to 1425 mm. The final map indicated that a large part of the study area has a high level of agricultural aptitude (43.05% total area), followed by areas of medium degree of aptitude (29.34%), areas with low aptitude represents 22.12% and lastly with only 5.49% restricted areas for agricultural aptitude in the county. Thus, it is concluded that the study area is almost entirely suitable for agricultural aptitude of corn and soybean crops, and that due to these grades (high, medium, low and restricted), must be paid attention to conservation measures are implemented, in addition to contributing to an improvement in the quality of the soil results in a high quality farming and productivity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Geotecnologias, Aptidão agrícola, Capacidade de uso da terra, Planejamento ambiental, Geotechnologies, Agricultural aptitude, Capacity of land use, Environmental planning