Avaliação quali-quantitativa da pulverização em barra assistida por ar na cultura da soja em diferentes estádios fenológicos
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2017-07-28
Autores
Souza, Felipe Matheus Santos e [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A homogeneidade na distribuição da pulverização no dossel das culturas pode melhorar a eficiência de controle de agentes fitopatogênicos e minimizar a contaminação do meio ambiente. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da velocidade do ar junto à barra de pulverização na distribuição e qualidade da pulverização e sua relação com a deriva de produtos fitossanitários sob diferentes índices de área foliar (IAF) da cultura da soja. Para as avaliações da pulverização um experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos ao acaso com 4 tratamentos: 0, 10, 20 e 30 km.h-1 do fluxo de ar assistido junto à barra em 5 repetições. As pulverizações foram realizadas aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após a emergência (DAE) da cultura, com IAFs de 2.56, 6.67 e 4.64 m2.m-2 respectivamente. Um pulverizador com disponibilidade ou não de ar assistido junto à barra, equipado com pontas de pulverização de jato plano, modelo AXI 11003, espaçadas de 0,5 m, e regulado para pulverizar 200 L.ha-1 de calda foi utilizado nos ensaios experimentais. Antes da pulverização foram selecionadas, ao acaso, dez plantas em cada parcela para amostragem dos depósitos da pulverização. Alvos artificiais, papel filtro nas dimensões 3 x 3 cm foram fixados às plantas, dois na parte superior e outros dois na parte inferior, em ambas superfícies dos folíolos (adaxial e abaxial). Para avaliação de cobertura de pulverização e perda para o solo foram colocados papéis hidrossensíveis, um na parte superior e outro na parte inferior das plantas, bem como três alvos artificiais no solo em cada parcela para determinar a quantidade de produto não interceptada pelas plantas. Para as avaliações de depósito e perdas da pulverização um marcador cúprico foi usado e sua quantificação feita por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. As avaliações qualitativas da cobertura foram determinadas pelo software GOTAS®. Aos 30 DAE, com IAF de 2.56 m2.m-2, a velocidade máxima de ar proporcionou maior depósito e cobertura da pulverização na parte inferior das plantas e melhor uniformidade na parte superior, entretanto houve incremento das perdas para o solo. Aos 60 DAE, com IAF de 6.67 m2.m-2, não houve diferença entre os tratamentos quanto à cobertura e perdas de pulverização para o solo. No entanto, a assistência de ar, independente da velocidade, melhorou a cobertura da pulverização. Já aos 90 DAE, com IAF de 4.64 m2.m-2, a assistência de ar em 30 km.h-1 incrementou os níveis de depósitos da calda na parte inferior da planta e na superfície adaxial dos folíolos, além de proporcionar maior cobertura em todas as partes do dossel da cultura. Também aos 90 DAE, quanto maior a velocidade do ar, menos foram as perdas para o solo.
Homogeneity in spray distribution into crop canopy can improve efficiency control of phytopathogenic agents and minimize the environment contamination. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate velocity effect on an air-assisted boom spraying on spray quality and distribution and its relation with phytosanitary products drift under different leaf area indexes (LAI) of the soybean crop. For spray evaluations, an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with 4 treatments: 0, 10, 20 and 30 km.h-1 of the airflow in 5 replications. It was sprayed at 30, 60 and 90 days after emergence (DAE) of the culture, also establishing LAI in the respective application period. A sprayer with or without air assistance, equipped with flat fan nozzles AXI 11003 model, spaced 0,5 m, and 200L.ha-1 volume rate was used in this experiment. During the spraying, ten plants were randomly selected in each plot to sample the spray deposits. Artificial targets, 3 x 3 cm dimensions, were fixed to the plants, two on the upper part and two on the lower part, on both leaflet surfaces (adaxial and abaxial). To evaluate spray coverage and soil loss, hydrosensible papers were placed, one at the top and one at the bottom of the plants, as well as three artificial targets in the soil in each plot to determine the amount of product not intercepted by the plants. For the deposition and spray loss evaluations a cupric marker was used and its quantification made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. GOTAS® software to determine the qualitative evaluations of coverage percentage. At 30 DAE, with initial soybean development, the maximum air velocity provided greater deposit and spray coverage in the lower part of the plants and better uniformity in the upper part, however, there was an increase in soil losses. At 60 DAE, with maximum leaf density, there was no difference between the treatments in terms of coverage and spray losses to the soil. However, air assistance, regardless of speed, has improved spray coverage. At 90 DAE, air assistance at its maximum capacity increased spray deposit levels at the bottom of the plant and its adaxial surface of the leaflets, in addition to providing greater coverage in all parts of the canopy crop. Also at 90 DAE, the higher air velocity, the less is soil losses. In absolute values relating to spraying moment, the higher the LAI the lower is the soil losses.
Homogeneity in spray distribution into crop canopy can improve efficiency control of phytopathogenic agents and minimize the environment contamination. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate velocity effect on an air-assisted boom spraying on spray quality and distribution and its relation with phytosanitary products drift under different leaf area indexes (LAI) of the soybean crop. For spray evaluations, an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with 4 treatments: 0, 10, 20 and 30 km.h-1 of the airflow in 5 replications. It was sprayed at 30, 60 and 90 days after emergence (DAE) of the culture, also establishing LAI in the respective application period. A sprayer with or without air assistance, equipped with flat fan nozzles AXI 11003 model, spaced 0,5 m, and 200L.ha-1 volume rate was used in this experiment. During the spraying, ten plants were randomly selected in each plot to sample the spray deposits. Artificial targets, 3 x 3 cm dimensions, were fixed to the plants, two on the upper part and two on the lower part, on both leaflet surfaces (adaxial and abaxial). To evaluate spray coverage and soil loss, hydrosensible papers were placed, one at the top and one at the bottom of the plants, as well as three artificial targets in the soil in each plot to determine the amount of product not intercepted by the plants. For the deposition and spray loss evaluations a cupric marker was used and its quantification made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. GOTAS® software to determine the qualitative evaluations of coverage percentage. At 30 DAE, with initial soybean development, the maximum air velocity provided greater deposit and spray coverage in the lower part of the plants and better uniformity in the upper part, however, there was an increase in soil losses. At 60 DAE, with maximum leaf density, there was no difference between the treatments in terms of coverage and spray losses to the soil. However, air assistance, regardless of speed, has improved spray coverage. At 90 DAE, air assistance at its maximum capacity increased spray deposit levels at the bottom of the plant and its adaxial surface of the leaflets, in addition to providing greater coverage in all parts of the canopy crop. Also at 90 DAE, the higher air velocity, the less is soil losses. In absolute values relating to spraying moment, the higher the LAI the lower is the soil losses.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tecnologia de aplicação, Assistência de ar, Deriva, Índice de área foliar (IAF), Application technology, Air assistance, Drift, Leaf área index (LAI)