Necessidades formativas: os impasses para a efetividade das ações de formação continuada de professores no espaço escolar
Carregando...
Data
2017-07-26
Autores
Passalacqua, Flávia Graziela Moreira [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente tese tem como foco a formação continuada em serviço e a analisa no que tange às ações realizadas no próprio local de exercício de trabalho dos professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, na tentativa de mostrar a relação que ela mantém com as necessidades formativas dos docentes. Parte-se do pressuposto de que a identificação de tais necessidades pode gerar ações que contribuem de forma positiva para a obtenção de bons resultados no desenvolvimento profissional e no atendimento das necessidades de formação. Assim, buscou-se por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e da análise de conteúdo de 20 dissertações e 10 teses, produzidas no período de 2000 a 2015 nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação situados no Estado de São Paulo, responder ao questionamento suscitado de que essas ações de formação continuada ainda não garantem o suprimento das necessidades formativas. Levanta-se a hipótese de que as ações de formação realizadas in lócus apresentam pouca efetividade, ou seja, não melhoram o desempenho dos professores e tampouco contribuem para o seu desenvolvimento profissional, por elas não serem baseadas em levantamentos criteriosos de análises de necessidades. O referencial teórico utilizado aborda a temática das necessidades formativas, amparado principalmente nos estudos de Rodrigues e Esteves, associado aos estudos sobre aspectos importantes da formação continuada de professores registrados, sobretudo, nos estudos de Hargreaves, Huberman e Tardif. As análises dos conteúdos da amostragem foram balizadas nas propostas de Bardin. Os resultados obtidos nessas análises mostraram que as ações formativas realizadas dentro das escolas, assumem características reflexivas, coletivas e colaborativas, porém ainda são alicerçadas em práticas e concepções tecnicistas, esbarrando na cultura da escola e na instrumentalização da didática. Também mostraram que tais ações não atendem às reais necessidades formativas dos professores, pois não superam a oposição existente entre as suas necessidades particulares e coletivas, pessoais e sistêmicas e entre as suas necessidades conscientes e inconscientes. Ainda os resultados mostraram o estabelecimento de ações e parcerias colaborativas artificiais entre universidade e escolas básicas. Ademais, especialmente no tocante às necessidades formativas dos professores, constatou-se que sua gênese está no período relativo à formação inicial deles e que elas continuam a se manifestar ao longo da carreira, no embrenhado entre as etapas profissionais, os saberes adquiridos nesse percurso e as culturas profissionais presentes nas escolas. Por fim, conclui-se que em mais de três décadas de consenso crítico à racionalidade técnica e à didática instrumental, enfatizando uma formação continuada centrada na escola, ainda não houve grandes progressos e que sem melhorar a formação inicial, não há como melhorar a formação continuada, aliado ao fato de que a associação dos fatores relacionados às necessidades influenciam a realização das ações de formação continuada, constituindo-se em impasses para a obtenção de resultados promissores.
The present thesis focuses on continuing in-service training and analyzes it with regard to the actions carried out in the work place of the teachers of the beginning of Elementary School, in an attempt to show the relationship that it maintains with the training needs of the Teachers. It is assumed that the identification of such needs can generate actions that contribute positively to the achievement of good results in the professional development and the attendance of the training needs of the students. Thus, the literature search and the content analysis of 20 dissertations and 10 theses, produced in the period 2000 to 2015 in the Programs of Postgraduate Studies in Education located in the State of São Paulo, answered the question raised that These ongoing training actions still do not guarantee the supply of training needs. It is hypothesized that the training actions carried out in lócus are not very effective, that is, they do not improve the performance of the teachers nor do they contribute to their professional development, because they do not be based on careful surveys of needs analysis. The theoretical framework used addresses the needs of training, supported mainly by the studies of Rodrigues and Esteves, associated to the studies on important aspects of the continuing education of teachers recorded, especially in the studies of Hargreaves, Huberman and Tardif. The analyzes of the contents of the sampling were used in the proposals of Bardin. The results obtained in these analyzes showed that the formative actions carried out within the schools take on reflexive, collective and collaborative characteristics, but are still based on technicist practices and conceptions, hindering the school culture and the didactics instrumentalization. They also showed that such actions do not meet the real training needs of teachers, because they do not overcome the existing opposition between their particular and collective, personal and systemic needs and between their conscious and unconscious needs. Still the results showed the establishment of artificial collaborative actions and partnerships between university and basic schools. Especially in relation to the training needs of teachers, it was verified that their genesis is in the period related to their initial formation and that they continue to manifest throughout the career, in the entanglement between the professional stages, the knowledge acquired in this course and the professional cultures present in schools. Finally, it is concluded that in more than three decades of critical consensus on technical rationality and instrumental didactics, emphasizing a school-based continuing education, great progress has not yet been made and without improving initial training there is any way to improve training continuity, together with the fact that the association of factors related to the needs influence the implementation of continuing training actions, constituting impasses to obtain promising results.
The present thesis focuses on continuing in-service training and analyzes it with regard to the actions carried out in the work place of the teachers of the beginning of Elementary School, in an attempt to show the relationship that it maintains with the training needs of the Teachers. It is assumed that the identification of such needs can generate actions that contribute positively to the achievement of good results in the professional development and the attendance of the training needs of the students. Thus, the literature search and the content analysis of 20 dissertations and 10 theses, produced in the period 2000 to 2015 in the Programs of Postgraduate Studies in Education located in the State of São Paulo, answered the question raised that These ongoing training actions still do not guarantee the supply of training needs. It is hypothesized that the training actions carried out in lócus are not very effective, that is, they do not improve the performance of the teachers nor do they contribute to their professional development, because they do not be based on careful surveys of needs analysis. The theoretical framework used addresses the needs of training, supported mainly by the studies of Rodrigues and Esteves, associated to the studies on important aspects of the continuing education of teachers recorded, especially in the studies of Hargreaves, Huberman and Tardif. The analyzes of the contents of the sampling were used in the proposals of Bardin. The results obtained in these analyzes showed that the formative actions carried out within the schools take on reflexive, collective and collaborative characteristics, but are still based on technicist practices and conceptions, hindering the school culture and the didactics instrumentalization. They also showed that such actions do not meet the real training needs of teachers, because they do not overcome the existing opposition between their particular and collective, personal and systemic needs and between their conscious and unconscious needs. Still the results showed the establishment of artificial collaborative actions and partnerships between university and basic schools. Especially in relation to the training needs of teachers, it was verified that their genesis is in the period related to their initial formation and that they continue to manifest throughout the career, in the entanglement between the professional stages, the knowledge acquired in this course and the professional cultures present in schools. Finally, it is concluded that in more than three decades of critical consensus on technical rationality and instrumental didactics, emphasizing a school-based continuing education, great progress has not yet been made and without improving initial training there is any way to improve training continuity, together with the fact that the association of factors related to the needs influence the implementation of continuing training actions, constituting impasses to obtain promising results.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Formação continuada em serviço, Necessidades formativas, Desenvolvimento profissional, Anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, Continuing service training, Formative needs, Professional development, Beginning of elementary education