Produtividade e cozimento da mandioca cultivar IAC 576-70 em resposta à adubação potássica em solo arenoso
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Data
2017-07-24
Autores
Gazola, Bruno [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O potássio (K) é o nutriente mais absorvido e exportado pela cultura da mandioca. Porém, em solos de textura arenosa o K pode ser perdido mais facilmente por lixiviação, sendo que nesses solos a resposta da mandioca a aplicação de K é maior. Levando em consideração que a mandioca apresenta ciclo longo e crescimento inicial lento, pode ser que a aplicação de K apenas na fase de implantação da cultura não seja suficiente para garantir produtividades satisfatórias, principalmente em condições de solo arenoso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses e formas de parcelamento da adubação potássica sobre a produtividade e qualidade das raízes tuberosas da mandioca de mesa cultivar IAC 576-70, cultivada em solo arenoso. O experimento foi conduzido em áreas individuais por dois anos agrícolas (2014/15 e 2015/16) no município de São Manuel-SP (22° 44’ S e 48° 34’ O e 740 m de altitude). O delineamento experimental em ambos os anos foi o de blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial 3x4+1, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por 3 doses de K2O (45, 90 e 180 kg ha-1) combinadas com 4 formas de parcelamento (1 - 100% no plantio; 2 - 1/2 no plantio e 1/2 aos 45 dias após o plantio (DAP); 3 - 1/2 no plantio e 1/2 aos 90 DAP; 4 - 1/3 no plantio, 1/3 aos 45 DAP e 1/3 aos 90 DAP); além da testemunha sem K. A colheita da mandioca foi realizada ao final de 10 meses de ciclo. Foram avaliados, diagnose foliar, número e diâmetro das hastes, número de folhas por planta, altura da planta e população final de plantas, número, comprimento, diâmetro e peso médio das raízes, produtividade e qualidade das raízes tuberosas. No 1º ano de cultivo, a maior produtividade total e comercial de raízes tuberosas foi obtida com a dose estimada de 110 e 107 kg ha -1 de K2O, respectivamente. No 2º ano de cultivo, os maiores valores de produtividade total e comercial de raízes tuberosas ocorreram com a aplicação da dose de 180 kg ha-1 de K2O parcelada em três vezes (plantio, 45 DAP e 90 DAP). O tempo de cozimento das raízes tuberosas no 1º ano de cultivo diminui até a dose de 180 kg ha-1 de K2O em todas as formas de parcelamento utilizadas e o menor tempo de cozimento ocorreu quando o K foi parcelado em três aplicações. No 2º ano de cultivo, o menor tempo de cozimento foi obtido com a dose estimada de 116 kg ha -1 de K2O e a firmeza da polpa das raízes tuberosas cozidas reduziu até a dose de 180 kg ha-1 de K2O independentemente do parcelamento utilizado. O parcelamento da adubação potássica com metade das doses no plantio e o restante em cobertura aos 45 DAP reduziu a firmeza da polpa das raízes tuberosas até a dose estimada de 115 kg ha -1 de K2O no 2º ano de cultivo.
Potassium (K) is the nutrient most absorbed and removed by cassava. However, in sandy soils, it may be easier to leach, and it is not a cassava application. Taking into account that cassava presents a long cycle and slow initial growth, it may be the application of K only at the stage of crop implantation is not sufficient to guarantee satisfactory yields, especially in sandy soil conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of rates and forms of potassium application on yield and quality of cassava storage roots, cultivar IAC 576-70, cultivated in sandy soil. The experiment was conducted in individual areas for two agricultural years, 2014/15 and 2015/16 in the municipality of São Manuel-SP (22 ° 44 'S; 48 ° 34' W and 740 m above sea level). The experimental design, in both years, was a randomized block design, with a 3x4+1 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments were consisted for 3 K2O rates (45, 90, and 180 kg ha-1 ) combined with 4 forms of K splitting (1 - 100% at planting, 2 - 1/2 at planting and 1/2 at 45 days after plating (DAP), 3 - 1/2 at planting and 1/2 at 90 DAP, 4 - 1/3 at planting, 1/3 at 45 DAP and 1/3 at 90 DAP), besides the control without K. Harvesting of cassava was carried out at the end of the 10 month cycle. It was evaluated: leaf number and diameter, number of leaves per plant, plant height and final plant population, number, length, diameter, and average weight of storage root, yield and quality of storage roots. In the first year of cultivation, the highest total and marketable storage root yield was obtained with the estimated rates of 110 and 107 kg ha-1 K2O, respectively. In the second year of cultivation, the highest values of total and marketable storage root yield occurred with the application of the rate of 180 kg ha-1 K2O divided in three times (planting, 45 DAP, and 90 DAP). The cooking time of the storage roots in the first year of cultivation decreased until the rate of 180 kg ha-1 K2O in all the splitting forms used, and the lowest cooking time occurred when K was divided into three applications. In the second year of cultivation, the lowest cooking time was obtained with the estimated rate of 116 kg ha-1 K2O and the pulp firmness of the cooked storage roots reduced up to the rate of 180 kg ha-1 of K2O, regardless of the splitting used. The potassium fertilizer splitting with half the rates at the planting and the remainder topdressing at 45 DAP reduced the pulp firmness of the tuberous roots until the estimated rate of 115 kg ha-1 K2O in the second year of cultivation.
Potassium (K) is the nutrient most absorbed and removed by cassava. However, in sandy soils, it may be easier to leach, and it is not a cassava application. Taking into account that cassava presents a long cycle and slow initial growth, it may be the application of K only at the stage of crop implantation is not sufficient to guarantee satisfactory yields, especially in sandy soil conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of rates and forms of potassium application on yield and quality of cassava storage roots, cultivar IAC 576-70, cultivated in sandy soil. The experiment was conducted in individual areas for two agricultural years, 2014/15 and 2015/16 in the municipality of São Manuel-SP (22 ° 44 'S; 48 ° 34' W and 740 m above sea level). The experimental design, in both years, was a randomized block design, with a 3x4+1 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments were consisted for 3 K2O rates (45, 90, and 180 kg ha-1 ) combined with 4 forms of K splitting (1 - 100% at planting, 2 - 1/2 at planting and 1/2 at 45 days after plating (DAP), 3 - 1/2 at planting and 1/2 at 90 DAP, 4 - 1/3 at planting, 1/3 at 45 DAP and 1/3 at 90 DAP), besides the control without K. Harvesting of cassava was carried out at the end of the 10 month cycle. It was evaluated: leaf number and diameter, number of leaves per plant, plant height and final plant population, number, length, diameter, and average weight of storage root, yield and quality of storage roots. In the first year of cultivation, the highest total and marketable storage root yield was obtained with the estimated rates of 110 and 107 kg ha-1 K2O, respectively. In the second year of cultivation, the highest values of total and marketable storage root yield occurred with the application of the rate of 180 kg ha-1 K2O divided in three times (planting, 45 DAP, and 90 DAP). The cooking time of the storage roots in the first year of cultivation decreased until the rate of 180 kg ha-1 K2O in all the splitting forms used, and the lowest cooking time occurred when K was divided into three applications. In the second year of cultivation, the lowest cooking time was obtained with the estimated rate of 116 kg ha-1 K2O and the pulp firmness of the cooked storage roots reduced up to the rate of 180 kg ha-1 of K2O, regardless of the splitting used. The potassium fertilizer splitting with half the rates at the planting and the remainder topdressing at 45 DAP reduced the pulp firmness of the tuberous roots until the estimated rate of 115 kg ha-1 K2O in the second year of cultivation.
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Palavras-chave
Manihot esculenta, Potássio, Eficiência nutricional, Produtividade de raízes, Tempo de cozimento, Potassium, Nutritional efficiency, Storage root yield, Cooking time, Manihot esculenta