Análise da cobertura do jornal Folha de São Paulo sobre o tema mortalidade infantil entre 1990 e 2015
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2017-08-21
Autores
Facioli, Érick Renato Fogar [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A taxa de mortalidade infantil é indicador sensível para refletir o grau de desenvolvimento de um país. Nas últimas décadas, o Brasil registrou grande variação negativa na taxa desse desfecho, resultado da centralidade nas políticas públicas de saúde materno-infantis nacionais. O conhecimento público sobre os fatores que contribuíram para a melhora desse indicador é importante por fazer da população parte integrante do processo, permitindo maior controle social. Possibilita, ainda, que o cidadão tenha a oportunidade de fazer a sua parte no que diz respeito à prevenção. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a cobertura jornalística realizada sobre o tema mortalidade infantil na versão impressa do jornal Folha de São Paulo entre 1990 e 2015, período definido pela Declaração do Milênio para o cumprimento da meta de redução em dois terços na taxa de mortalidade infantil global. Trata-se de estudo de abordagem quantiqualitativa, de caráter descritivo e retrospectivo. A escolha do jornal Folha de São Paulo decorreu do fato de constituir o veículo jornalístico de maior circulação no país. Para seleção das matérias, utilizaram-se as palavras-chave “mortalidade” and “infantil” no acervo digital do próprio jornal. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre setembro de 2015 e julho de 2016. No total, 2436 matérias foram inicialmente selecionadas para leitura dinâmica. Aplicaram-se, em seguida, os critérios de exclusão: citações isoladas, comentários dos leitores, publicidade, informes publicitários, gráficos isolados, matérias idênticas publicadas e erratas, restando 429 textos. Como era critério de inclusão analisar as publicações que fizessem referência aos determinantes da mortalidade infantil, nova seleção foi necessária e, nessa etapa, foram obtidas 267 matérias, às quais foram aplicadas o Protocolo de Análise de Cobertura Jornalística, com a função de quantificar e organizar o material. Para a análise qualitativa, foram utilizados os textos com chamada de capa, o que resultou em 82 matérias, avaliadas a partir dos referenciais teórico-metodológicos do enquadramento, agenda-setting e Cenário de Representação Política (CR-P). Os resultados revelam, em geral, cobertura jornalística superficial e sensacionalista do tema, carecendo de análises mais amplas, como as razões históricas, políticas e sociais a ele relacionadas. Houve privilégio a fontes oficiais, com pouco espaço para opiniões de especialistas independentes e do cidadão comum. Por vezes, o Estado foi apresentado como ineficiente para cuidar da saúde da população.
The child mortality rate is a sensitive indicator to reflect a country’s development level. In the last few decades, Brazil has shown a decrease great variation in such rate, which has been the result of centrality in the national public policies on maternal-infant health. Public knowledge about the factors that have contributed to the improvement of this indicator is important as it makes the population an integral part of the process, thus allowing for greater social control. It also provides citizens with the opportunity to play their role as regards prevention. This study aimed at evaluating the journalistic coverage of the topic child mortality in the printed version of the newspaper Folha de São Paulo from 1990 to 2015, which is the period defined by the Millennium Declaration for achieving the goal of reducing global mortality rates by twothirds. It is a study with a quanti-qualitative, descriptive and retrospective approach. The choice for the newspaper Folha de São Paulo was due to the fact that it is the journalistic vehicle with the largest circulation in the country. In order to select the articles, the key words “mortality” and “child” were used in the newspaper’s digital collection. Data were collected from September 2015 to July 2016. In total, 2,436 articles were initially selected for dynamic reading. Isolated citations, readers’ comments, publicity, advertising reports, isolated graphs, identical published articles and errata, were not included in the study. Thus, 429 texts remained. Since the inclusion criterion was the analysis of publications that referred to the determinants of child mortality, a new selection was necessary and, in that phase, 267 articles were obtained to which the Protocol for Analysis of Media Coverage was applied with the purpose to quantify and organize the material. For qualitative analysis, the texts referred to on the first page of the newspaper were used, which resulted in 82 articles that were evaluated based on the theoretical and methodological frameworks of framing, agenda-setting and Political Representation Setting (RS-P). In general, the results showed superficial and sensationalist coverage of the topic that lacked more comprehensive analyses, such as those of the historical, political and social reasons related to it. Official sources were privileged, and little space was opened for opinions of independent experts and for those of common citizens. At times, the State was presented as inefficient to care for the population’s health.
The child mortality rate is a sensitive indicator to reflect a country’s development level. In the last few decades, Brazil has shown a decrease great variation in such rate, which has been the result of centrality in the national public policies on maternal-infant health. Public knowledge about the factors that have contributed to the improvement of this indicator is important as it makes the population an integral part of the process, thus allowing for greater social control. It also provides citizens with the opportunity to play their role as regards prevention. This study aimed at evaluating the journalistic coverage of the topic child mortality in the printed version of the newspaper Folha de São Paulo from 1990 to 2015, which is the period defined by the Millennium Declaration for achieving the goal of reducing global mortality rates by twothirds. It is a study with a quanti-qualitative, descriptive and retrospective approach. The choice for the newspaper Folha de São Paulo was due to the fact that it is the journalistic vehicle with the largest circulation in the country. In order to select the articles, the key words “mortality” and “child” were used in the newspaper’s digital collection. Data were collected from September 2015 to July 2016. In total, 2,436 articles were initially selected for dynamic reading. Isolated citations, readers’ comments, publicity, advertising reports, isolated graphs, identical published articles and errata, were not included in the study. Thus, 429 texts remained. Since the inclusion criterion was the analysis of publications that referred to the determinants of child mortality, a new selection was necessary and, in that phase, 267 articles were obtained to which the Protocol for Analysis of Media Coverage was applied with the purpose to quantify and organize the material. For qualitative analysis, the texts referred to on the first page of the newspaper were used, which resulted in 82 articles that were evaluated based on the theoretical and methodological frameworks of framing, agenda-setting and Political Representation Setting (RS-P). In general, the results showed superficial and sensationalist coverage of the topic that lacked more comprehensive analyses, such as those of the historical, political and social reasons related to it. Official sources were privileged, and little space was opened for opinions of independent experts and for those of common citizens. At times, the State was presented as inefficient to care for the population’s health.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Mortalidade Infantil, Jornalismo, Indicadores básicos de saúde, Processo saúde-doença, Child mortality, Journalism, Basic health indicators, Health-disease process