Contribuições ao estudo de taxonomia e sistemática do gênero Boana Gray, 1825 (Anura: Hylidae)
Carregando...
Data
2017-08-10
Autores
Pinheiro, Paulo Durães Pereira [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A tribo Cophomantini inclui espécies de pererecas que dentre outras características, possuem um pré-polex ósseo e avantajado. Atualmente inclui cinco gêneros. Seu maior gênero em riqueza de espécies, e também um dos mais diversos da família Hylidae, o gênero Boana contem atualmente 92 táxons formalmente descritos. No entanto, até o presente aproximadamente 60% de sua diversidade taxonômica foi analisada em filogenias mais inclusivas. O gênero Boana é dividido em sete grupos de espécies. Muitas de suas espécies são associadas a estes grupos através de caracteres fenotípicos. Alguns destes grupos, todavia encontram-se pouco suportados molecularmente, e apesar de várias espécies agruparem-se por fenótipos, os agrupamentos filogenéticos carecem de sinapomorfias fenotípicas. Na presente tese, foram amostradas seqüências de 83 espécies de Boana, bem como de espécimes pertencentes ao gênero, porém de taxonomia indefinida, totalizando 256 terminais para o gênero. Inserimos seqüências de DNA representando fragmentos de até dez genes por terminal do nosso banco de dados. Recuperamos Boana liliae inserida em Myersiohyla, outro gênero de Cophomantini. A análise filogenética das 83 espécies de Boana resultou em uma melhoria para o suporte de muitos dos seus relacionamentos internos, mas curiosamente, apesar da densa amostragem taxonômica, muitos agrupamentos permanecem pouco suportados. Finalmente, fizemos um estudo comparativo do pré-polex na tribo Cophomantini. Investigamos o elemento e estruturas osteológicas e musculares associadas, estabelecemos hipóteses de homologia, e otimizamos os caracteres levantados na árvore mais parcimoniosa recuperada anteriormente. O pré-polex das espécies desta tribo possui considerável plasticidade evolutiva, e suas duas morfologias generalizadas evoluíram diversas vezes na tribo Cophomantini.
The tribe Cophomantini includes treefrog species which, among other traits, have an osseous and enlarged prepollex. Currently it includes five genera. The genus Boana is the most diverse of the tribe, and also one of the richest genera of Hylidae, including 92 formally described taxa. However, approximately 60% of its taxonomic diversity was analyzed in more inclusive phylogenies. The genus Boana is divided into seven groups of species. Many of its species are assigned to their respective groups through phenotypical characters. Some of those groups are still poorly supported molecularly. Even being many species assigned to their respective groups through phenotypes, many groupings remain without phenotypical synapomorphies. On the present thesis, we sampled sequences of 83 species of Boana, as well specimens of undetermined taxonomy, totalizing 256 terminals for the genus. Each terminal have sequences of up to ten gene fragments. We recovered Boana liliae nested within the genus Myersiohyla, also from the tribe Cophomantini. The phylogenetic analysis of the 83 species of Boana resulted in better supports for many of its internal relationships. Curiously, besides the dense taxonomic sampling, many groupings remain poorly supported. Finally, we made a comparative study of the prepollex within the tribe Cophomantini. We surveyed this element and osteological and myological structures associated, established homology hypothesis, and optimize the resulted characters on the most parsimonious tree previously recovered. The prepollex of species of this tribe have a considerable evolutionary plasticity, and its two basic morphologies evolved many times on the tribe Cophomantini.
The tribe Cophomantini includes treefrog species which, among other traits, have an osseous and enlarged prepollex. Currently it includes five genera. The genus Boana is the most diverse of the tribe, and also one of the richest genera of Hylidae, including 92 formally described taxa. However, approximately 60% of its taxonomic diversity was analyzed in more inclusive phylogenies. The genus Boana is divided into seven groups of species. Many of its species are assigned to their respective groups through phenotypical characters. Some of those groups are still poorly supported molecularly. Even being many species assigned to their respective groups through phenotypes, many groupings remain without phenotypical synapomorphies. On the present thesis, we sampled sequences of 83 species of Boana, as well specimens of undetermined taxonomy, totalizing 256 terminals for the genus. Each terminal have sequences of up to ten gene fragments. We recovered Boana liliae nested within the genus Myersiohyla, also from the tribe Cophomantini. The phylogenetic analysis of the 83 species of Boana resulted in better supports for many of its internal relationships. Curiously, besides the dense taxonomic sampling, many groupings remain poorly supported. Finally, we made a comparative study of the prepollex within the tribe Cophomantini. We surveyed this element and osteological and myological structures associated, established homology hypothesis, and optimize the resulted characters on the most parsimonious tree previously recovered. The prepollex of species of this tribe have a considerable evolutionary plasticity, and its two basic morphologies evolved many times on the tribe Cophomantini.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Boana, Hylidae, Sistemática, Pré-polex, Taxonomia, Systematics, Prepollex, Taxonomy