Sapindaceae lianescentes na Mata Atlântica: sinopse taxonômica, identificação molecular e chave de identificação interativa
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Data
2017-08-09
Autores
Ferraz, Tamylle Aparecida Pereira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Mata Atântica, atualmente está reduzida a menos de 8% de sua extensão original, porém ainda possui alta diversidade em suas florestas. Dentre as formas de vida menos estudadas em estudos florísticos e ecológicos da Mata Atlântica estão as lianas. Essa forma de vida, que representa elemento ímpar na estrutura e diversidade das florestas tropicais, está concentrada em poucas famílias, tais como Sapindaceae, na qual encontram-se os gêneros mais ricos em espécies de lianas nos neotrópicos. Tendo em vista o desmatamento da Mata Atlântica e a dificuldade de identificação das Sapindaceae lianescentes, este estudo teve como objetivos: i) apresentar uma sinopse taxonômica para os gêneros e espécies; ii) desenvolver ferramentas para identificação molecular com base em sequências do gene rbcL e da região ITS; e iii) criar chaves de identificação interativas para os gêneros e espécies. Diante dos levantamentos realizados através dos bancos de dados dos herbários, foram encontrados registros de 73 espécies de lianas para a família Sapindaceae, distribuídas em cinco gêneros (Cardiospermum L., Paullinia L., Serjania Mill., Thinouia Planch. & Triana e Urvillea Kunth). Para a sinopse foram feitas citações dos tipos nomenclaturais, sinonímia, distribuição geográfica, nomes populares e status de conservação. Do ponto de vista conservacionista, mais de 90% das espécies não possuiam informações disponíveis na literatura sobre seu status de conservação, nesses casos o status foi elaborado com base nos critérios da IUCN (2012). Considerando as 73 espécies, 34% estão em estado vulnerável, 3% em perigo e 19% criticamente em perigo. A identificação molecular partiu de 56 amostras que se teve acesso, das quais foram obtidas sequências do gene rbcL e da região ITS para 62% e 57%, respectivamente, totalizando 86 novas sequências de DNA para as Sapindaceae lianescentes da Mata Atlântica e com potencial de identificar 100% das espécies que compõem o banco de dados. Por fim, para a identificação dos gêneros e espécies, foram preparadas chaves dicotômicas e uma interativa, com base preferencialmente em caracteres vegetativos.
The Atlantic Forest is currently reduced to less than 8% of its original extent, but still has high diversity in its forests. Among the least studied forms of life in floristic and ecological studies of the Atlantic Forest are lianas. This form of life, which represents a unique element in the structure and diversity of tropical forests, is concentrated in a few families, such as the Sapindaceae, in which the genera are richest in species of lianas in the neotropics. Considering the deforestation of the Atlantic Rainforest and the difficulty of identifying the sapindaceae lianescentes, this study had as objectives: i) to present a taxonomic synopsis for genera and species; Ii) develop tools for molecular identification based on rbcL and ITS region sequences; And iii) create interactive identification keys for genera and species. A total of 73 species of lianas for the family Sapindaceae were found in five genera (Cardiospermum L., Paullinia L., Serjania Mill., Thinouia Planch. & Triana and Urvillea Kunth ). For the synopsis were citations of the nomenclature types, synonymy, geographical distribution, popular names and conservation status. From a conservation point of view, more than 90% of the species do not have available information about their conservation status, and the species that do not have conservation status available in the literature, status was based on IUCN (2012) criteria, Thus 34% of the species are in a vulnerable state, 3% in danger and 19% in danger. For the molecular identification, from the 56 samples that were accessed, sequences of the rbcL gene and the ITS region were obtained for 62% and 57%, respectively, totalizing 86 new DNA sequences for the Sapindaceae lianescentes of the Atlantic Forest and with potential To identify 100% of the species that make up the database. Finally, for the identification of genera and species, a dichotomous key and an interactive key were prepared, based mainly on vegetative characters.
The Atlantic Forest is currently reduced to less than 8% of its original extent, but still has high diversity in its forests. Among the least studied forms of life in floristic and ecological studies of the Atlantic Forest are lianas. This form of life, which represents a unique element in the structure and diversity of tropical forests, is concentrated in a few families, such as the Sapindaceae, in which the genera are richest in species of lianas in the neotropics. Considering the deforestation of the Atlantic Rainforest and the difficulty of identifying the sapindaceae lianescentes, this study had as objectives: i) to present a taxonomic synopsis for genera and species; Ii) develop tools for molecular identification based on rbcL and ITS region sequences; And iii) create interactive identification keys for genera and species. A total of 73 species of lianas for the family Sapindaceae were found in five genera (Cardiospermum L., Paullinia L., Serjania Mill., Thinouia Planch. & Triana and Urvillea Kunth ). For the synopsis were citations of the nomenclature types, synonymy, geographical distribution, popular names and conservation status. From a conservation point of view, more than 90% of the species do not have available information about their conservation status, and the species that do not have conservation status available in the literature, status was based on IUCN (2012) criteria, Thus 34% of the species are in a vulnerable state, 3% in danger and 19% in danger. For the molecular identification, from the 56 samples that were accessed, sequences of the rbcL gene and the ITS region were obtained for 62% and 57%, respectively, totalizing 86 new DNA sequences for the Sapindaceae lianescentes of the Atlantic Forest and with potential To identify 100% of the species that make up the database. Finally, for the identification of genera and species, a dichotomous key and an interactive key were prepared, based mainly on vegetative characters.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
DNAbarcoding, Taxonomia, Lianas, RbcL, ITS, Chave de identificação de entrada múltipla, Taxonomy, Multi-entry identification keys