Sustentabilidade e otimização energética de uma planta industrial utilizando a tecnologia de regeneração
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Data
2017-08-01
Autores
Savazzi, Éder Renato [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O emprego de centrífugas tipo batelada numa usina sucroalcooleira é feito a partir de dados disponibilizados pelos fabricantes dos equipamentos, em função, basicamente, da capacidade produtiva de cada máquina e da sua eficiência energética. Grande parte das unidades sucroalcoleiras em atividade no país ainda operam com máquinas antigas, de pequeno porte, com baixa eficiência energética, com acionamento por motores multi-polos comandados por contatores para variação da velocidade. Até a década passada as usinas produtoras de açúcar e etanol geravam energia apenas o suficiente para seu auto consumo; com os incentivos do governo federal através de programas como o Proinfa, as usinas foram motivadas a comercializar seu excedente de energia para o SIN, possibilitando o aumento de suas receitas. Pelo fato de produzir sua própria energia através da queima do bagaço, praticamente não havia preocupação com os equipamentos de baixa eficiência energética que operavam nestas plantas, porém, a partir da possibilidade da comercialização do excedente de energia foi necessário um trabalho para melhorar o desempenho energético dos equipamentos de maior consumo. Deste modo, a proposta deste trabalho consiste na análise comparativa da substituição de centrífugas antigas por centrífugas modernas (considerando o dimensionamento adequado em função do processo e dos limites operacionais de cada máquina), com foco tanto nos resultados técnicos, quanto produtivos e financeiros do investimento. As centrífugas propostas possuem motor de alto rendimento acionados por inversor de frequência regenerativo, que possibilita a geração de energia pela própria máquina durante a etapa de desacelaração e, como se trata de um processo cíclico, a devolução de energia para a rede é feita repetidamente a cada ciclo. O modelo de otimização proposto foi validado a partir de dados de aplicações em empreendimentos existentes, com resultados compatíveis com o que foi efetivamente implantado; seu pay-back tem a capacidade de pagar a implantação de uma nova máquina por ano, apenas com o retorno financeiro do ganho com energia elétrica.
The use of batch centrifuges in a sugar mills is based on data provided by the equipment manufacturers, basically due to the production capacity of each machine and its energy efficiency. Most of the sugar-alcohol units in operation in the country still operate with old machines, small, with low energy efficiency, driven by multi-pole motors driven by contactors for speed variation. Until the past decade, sugar and ethanol-only plants that produced only enough energy for their own consumption, with the federal government's incentives through programs like Proinfa, the mills were motivated to market their surplus energy to SIN. Thus enabling an increase in its revenue. Because it produced its own energy through the burning of the bagasse, there was practically no concern with the low energy efficiency equipment that operated in these plants, from the possibility of the commercialization of surplus energy, a work was needed to improve the energy performance of the equipment Consumption. Thus, the proposal of this work consists of the comparative analysis of the replacement of old centrifuges by modern centrifuges (considering the adequate design depending on the process and the operational limits of each machine), focusing both on technical and productive and financial investment results. The proposed centrifuges have high efficiency motor driven by a regenerative frequency inverter, which allows the generation of energy by the machine itself during the deceleration stage and as it is a cyclic process the return of energy to the network is done repeatedly every cycle. The proposed optimization model was validated from application data in existing projects, with results compatible with what was effectively implemented, the pay-back has ability to pay for the deployment of a new machine per year, only with the financial return of the gain in electric power.
The use of batch centrifuges in a sugar mills is based on data provided by the equipment manufacturers, basically due to the production capacity of each machine and its energy efficiency. Most of the sugar-alcohol units in operation in the country still operate with old machines, small, with low energy efficiency, driven by multi-pole motors driven by contactors for speed variation. Until the past decade, sugar and ethanol-only plants that produced only enough energy for their own consumption, with the federal government's incentives through programs like Proinfa, the mills were motivated to market their surplus energy to SIN. Thus enabling an increase in its revenue. Because it produced its own energy through the burning of the bagasse, there was practically no concern with the low energy efficiency equipment that operated in these plants, from the possibility of the commercialization of surplus energy, a work was needed to improve the energy performance of the equipment Consumption. Thus, the proposal of this work consists of the comparative analysis of the replacement of old centrifuges by modern centrifuges (considering the adequate design depending on the process and the operational limits of each machine), focusing both on technical and productive and financial investment results. The proposed centrifuges have high efficiency motor driven by a regenerative frequency inverter, which allows the generation of energy by the machine itself during the deceleration stage and as it is a cyclic process the return of energy to the network is done repeatedly every cycle. The proposed optimization model was validated from application data in existing projects, with results compatible with what was effectively implemented, the pay-back has ability to pay for the deployment of a new machine per year, only with the financial return of the gain in electric power.
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Eficiência energética, Bioenergia, Sustentabilidade, Etanol, Energia, Biomassa, Açúcar, Centrifugação, Energy efficiency, Bioenergy, Sustainability, Ethanol, Energy, Biomass, Sugar, Centrifugation