Desenvolvimento de uma estrutura metodológica para Avaliação de Desempenho Ambiental (ADA) do processo de fabricação do couro
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Data
2017-09-06
Autores
Ferreira, Bruna Sousa [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com aceleração da modernização e o enorme consumo de recursos, a emissão de substâncias perigosas vem se tornando um problema para a saúde ambiental. Com isso, as empresas vêm buscando soluções e ferramentas para minimizar esse risco ambiental. Deste modo, é de suma importância o estudo da indústria coureira, por ser uma grande produtora de resíduos e subprodutos de alto potencial de impacto ambiental pela grande quantidade de água e componentes químicos envolvidos em toda cadeira produtiva. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é desenvolver uma estrutura metodológica coerente e suficiente para a ADA aplicada na indústria coureira baseada nos aspectos referentes à estabilidade ambiental. O método de pesquisa utilizado neste estudo foi composto de dez etapas: i) levantamento bibliográfico sobre ADA; ii) mapeamento e estudo das etapas do processo produtivo do couro; iii) inventário dos resíduos sólidos, efluentes líquidos, emissões gasosas e subprodutos gerados nas etapas produtivas na fabricação do couro; iv) cálculo das contribuições potenciais das emissões, utilizando o método EDIP; v) descarte de categorias sem impacto ambiental; vi) normalização; vii) ponderação relativa entre critérios e alternativas ambientais; viii) desenvolvimento de um Índice de Desempenho Ambiental (Ida); ix) Estudo multicasos (coleta de dados e aplicação da estrutura criada); e x) quantificação dos resultados finais. De posse dos resultados apresentados, foi realizado, então, o cálculo do Índice de desempenho ambiental (Ida) para as empresas estudadas, chegando-se a um resultado de 89,826% para a empresa A, 82,284% para a empresa B e 81,71% para empresa C, o que significa que porcentagem dada dos resíduos e subprodutos gerados por estas empresas apresentam destinação ambiental adequada em termos da metodologia ADA aplicada neste estudo. Apesar das empresas estudadas apresentarem diferentes resíduos com destinação considerados ambientalmente inadequados, há uma proximidade no Índice de desempenho ambiental (Ida). Tal fato se justifica, pois as três empresas estudadas apresentam uma destinação considerada adequada para a o lodo do caleiro, que é o resíduo com maior contribuição na formação do Ida. Dessa forma, a aplicação do Ida em indústrias coureiras, evidencia ser uma ferramenta adequada para a avaliação do desempenho ambiental com base nos potenciais ambientais, tendo em vista que seus resultados permitem aos gestores das empresas tomarem medidas corretivas em seus processos de fabricação e, assim, melhorarem o seu desempenho ambiental. É uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada amplamente pelo setor curtumeiro para minimização dos riscos ambientais e melhorias na gestão ambiental empresarial.
With the acceleration of modernization and the enormous consumption of resources, the emission of hazardous substances has become a problem for environmental health. With this, companies have been seeking solutions and tools to minimize this environmental risk. In this way, the study of the hull industry is of great importance, as it is a great producer of waste and by-products with high potential of environmental impact due to the large amount of water and chemical components involved in any productive chair. The general objective of this work is to develop a coherent and sufficient methodological framework for the EPE applied in the tannery industry based on aspects related to environmental stability. The research method used in this study was composed of ten steps: i) bibliographic survey on EPE; ii) mapping and study of the stages of the leather production process; iii) inventory of solid wastes, liquid effluents, gaseous emissions and by-products generated in the production stages in the manufacture of leather; (iv) calculation of potential emission contributions using the EDIP method; v) disposal of categories without environmental impact; vi) standardization; vii) relative weighting between environmental criteria and alternatives; viii) development of an Environmental Performance Index (Iep); ix) Case study (data collection and application of the structure created); and x) quantification of the final results. With the results presented, the calculation of the Environmental Performance Index (Iep) was carried out for the companies studied, reaching a result of 89.826% for company A, 82.284% for company B and 81.71% % For company C, which means that given percentage of the residues and by-products generated by these companies present adequate environmental allocation in terms of the ADA methodology applied in this study. Although the studied companies present different waste with destination considered environmentally inadequate, there is a proximity in the Index of environmental performance (Iep). This fact is justified, since the three companies studied have a destination considered suitable for the sludge of the beamhouse, which is the residue with the greatest contribution in the formation of Iep. Thus, the application of Ida in the weeding industry, proves to be an adequate tool for the evaluation of the environmental performance based on environmental potentials, considering that its results allow the managers of the companies to take corrective measures in their manufacturing processes and, thus Improve their environmental performance. It is a tool that can be widely used by the tanning industry to minimize environmental risks and improve environmental management.
With the acceleration of modernization and the enormous consumption of resources, the emission of hazardous substances has become a problem for environmental health. With this, companies have been seeking solutions and tools to minimize this environmental risk. In this way, the study of the hull industry is of great importance, as it is a great producer of waste and by-products with high potential of environmental impact due to the large amount of water and chemical components involved in any productive chair. The general objective of this work is to develop a coherent and sufficient methodological framework for the EPE applied in the tannery industry based on aspects related to environmental stability. The research method used in this study was composed of ten steps: i) bibliographic survey on EPE; ii) mapping and study of the stages of the leather production process; iii) inventory of solid wastes, liquid effluents, gaseous emissions and by-products generated in the production stages in the manufacture of leather; (iv) calculation of potential emission contributions using the EDIP method; v) disposal of categories without environmental impact; vi) standardization; vii) relative weighting between environmental criteria and alternatives; viii) development of an Environmental Performance Index (Iep); ix) Case study (data collection and application of the structure created); and x) quantification of the final results. With the results presented, the calculation of the Environmental Performance Index (Iep) was carried out for the companies studied, reaching a result of 89.826% for company A, 82.284% for company B and 81.71% % For company C, which means that given percentage of the residues and by-products generated by these companies present adequate environmental allocation in terms of the ADA methodology applied in this study. Although the studied companies present different waste with destination considered environmentally inadequate, there is a proximity in the Index of environmental performance (Iep). This fact is justified, since the three companies studied have a destination considered suitable for the sludge of the beamhouse, which is the residue with the greatest contribution in the formation of Iep. Thus, the application of Ida in the weeding industry, proves to be an adequate tool for the evaluation of the environmental performance based on environmental potentials, considering that its results allow the managers of the companies to take corrective measures in their manufacturing processes and, thus Improve their environmental performance. It is a tool that can be widely used by the tanning industry to minimize environmental risks and improve environmental management.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Avaliação do Desempenho Ambiental (ADA), Curtume, Método EDIP, Método IAHP, Gestão ambiental, Environmental Performance Assessment (EPA), Tannery, EDIP method, IAHP method, Environmental management