Construção de uma estrutura metodológica para Avaliação de Desempenho Ambiental (ADA) de indústrias sucroenergéticas: um estudo multicasos
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Data
2017-09-06
Autores
Thomaz, André Gustavo de Brito [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar um estudo multicasos sobre avaliação de desempenho ambiental baseada no potencial de toxicidade humana em três empresas (denominadas por empresa A, B e C) da indústria sucroenergética brasileira. Foi desenvolvido um índice, exclusivo para indústrias do setor sucroenergético, chamado indicador do potencial de toxicidade humana Ipth, onde os cálculos para obtenção do índice são formados por meio da ponderação do potencial de impacto de cada resíduo e subproduto gerado na fabricação de etanol e açúcar, pela cobertura geográfica relativa que podem alcançar e pela avaliação da destinação final realizada pela indústria. Identificou-se que na literatura especializada há poucos trabalhos relacionados à avalição do desempenho ambiental com base no potencial de toxicidade humana de indústrias do setor sucroenergético, bem como metodologias para avaliação do desempenho ambiental destas indústrias com o uso de indicadores de desempenho ambiental. O método desenvolvido pode ser aplicado para medir o impacto ambiental gerado por qualquer indústria do setor sucroenergético. Como resultados, os resíduos/subprodutos que apresentam maior potencial de toxicidade humana são: vinhaça (35,57%), torta de filtro (29,15%), cinzas da queima do bagaço (27,38%), gases provenientes da queima do bagaço (4,73%), representando 96,83% do total. A vinhaça é o subproduto com maior participação relativa na formação do índice Ipth, sendo para a empresa A de 89,73%, para a empresa B de 89,55% e para a empresa C de 89,24%. Apesar da grande quantidade de resíduos e subprodutos gerados, o resultado alcançado é favorável às empresas estudadas. O índice Ipth resultou em 93,97% para a empresa A, em 93,62% para a empresa B e em 93,37% para a empresa C, demonstrando que as empresas A, B e C apresentam, respectivamente, 93,97%, 93,62% e 93,37% de práticas ambientalmente adequadas à destinação dos seus resíduos e subprodutos.
The objective of this research is to present a multi-case study on the evaluation of environmental performance based on human toxicity potential in three companies (denominated by company A, B and C) of the Brazilian sugarcane industry. Was developed an index, exclusively for industries of the sugarcane industry, called the human toxicity potential indicator Ipth, where the calculations for obtaining the index are formed by weighing the impact potential of each residue and by-product generated in the manufacture of ethanol and sugar, by the relative geographic coverage they can achieve And by the evaluation of the final disposal by the industry. It was identified that in the specialized literature there are few studies related to the environmental performance assessment based on the human toxicity potential of sugarcane industry industries, as well as methodologies to evaluate the environmental performance of these industries with the use of environmental performance indicators. The method developed can be applied to measure the environmental impact generated by any industry in the sugarcane sector. As results, the residues / by-products with the highest human toxicity potential are: vinasse (35.57%), filter cake (29.15%), bagasse burning ashes (27.38%), gases from burning Of the bagasse (4.73%), representing 96.83% of the total. Vinasse is the by-product with the highest relative participation in the formation of the Ipth index, with company A of 89.73%, company B of 89.55% and company C of 89.24%. Despite the large amount of waste and by-products generated, the result achieved is favorable to the companies studied. The Ipth index resulted in 93.97% for company A, 93.62% for company B and 93.37% for company C, showing that companies A, B and C have, respectively, 93.97% %, 93.62% and 93.37% of practices that are environmentally appropriate to the destination of their residues and by-products.
The objective of this research is to present a multi-case study on the evaluation of environmental performance based on human toxicity potential in three companies (denominated by company A, B and C) of the Brazilian sugarcane industry. Was developed an index, exclusively for industries of the sugarcane industry, called the human toxicity potential indicator Ipth, where the calculations for obtaining the index are formed by weighing the impact potential of each residue and by-product generated in the manufacture of ethanol and sugar, by the relative geographic coverage they can achieve And by the evaluation of the final disposal by the industry. It was identified that in the specialized literature there are few studies related to the environmental performance assessment based on the human toxicity potential of sugarcane industry industries, as well as methodologies to evaluate the environmental performance of these industries with the use of environmental performance indicators. The method developed can be applied to measure the environmental impact generated by any industry in the sugarcane sector. As results, the residues / by-products with the highest human toxicity potential are: vinasse (35.57%), filter cake (29.15%), bagasse burning ashes (27.38%), gases from burning Of the bagasse (4.73%), representing 96.83% of the total. Vinasse is the by-product with the highest relative participation in the formation of the Ipth index, with company A of 89.73%, company B of 89.55% and company C of 89.24%. Despite the large amount of waste and by-products generated, the result achieved is favorable to the companies studied. The Ipth index resulted in 93.97% for company A, 93.62% for company B and 93.37% for company C, showing that companies A, B and C have, respectively, 93.97% %, 93.62% and 93.37% of practices that are environmentally appropriate to the destination of their residues and by-products.
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Palavras-chave
Análise hierárquica de processos melhorada, EDIP, Potencial de toxicidade humana, Sucroenergia, Gestão ambiental, Improved process hierarchical analysis, Potential human toxicity, Sugarcane, Environmental management