Euclides e a incomensurabilidade: o profundo tear das abrangências - os sumos e segredos do Livro X
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Data
2017-09-29
Autores
Leão, Aroldo Ferreira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta Tese tem como objetivo contribuir para um maior entendimento e aprofundamento da incomensurabilidade exposta no Livro X, da obra Os Elementos, de Euclides. As pesquisas relacionadas, ao estudo específico sobre o Livro X, em toda a sua expansão e complexidade, são ainda insuficientes e carecem de um maior compêndio de buscas e norteamentos, que possibilitem trazer à tona, todo o esplendor deste livro singular. Então, fez-se necessário uma análise completa do Livro X, um mergulho nas suas engrenagens e desmembramentos. Tal livro, o maior e mais intenso de Os Elementos, além de ser considerado o mais difícil, ocupando mais de um quarto do mesmo, tido como “a cruz dos matemáticos”, “um beco sem saída”, evidencia, de forma categórica, um dos temas mais sutis, não só da matemática da antiga Grécia, como também dos dias atuais, ao se dedicar ao estudo dos segmentos retilíneos que são incomensuráveis com respeito a um segmento retilíneo dado, ou seja, ao estudo dos números irracionais. Os vínculos com a Educação Matemática foram realçados e possibilitaram a escrita de um texto, que ampliando inúmeros enfoques, consolidou a importância do Livro X no relacionamento com outros livros de Os Elementos, como também a sua característica particular de tratar, fundamentalmente, do tema da incomensurabilidade.
This thesis aims to contribute to a greater understanding and deepening of the incommensurability exposed in Book X, of the work The Elements, by Euclid. The researches related to the specific study of Book X, in all its expansion and complexity, are still insufficient and lack a greater compendium of searches and guidelines, that make possible to bring to the surface, all the splendor of this singular book. Then it took a full analysis of Book X, a dip in its gears and dismemberments. Such a book, the largest and most intense of The Elements, in addition to being considered the most difficult, occupying more than a quarter of it, considered as "the cross of mathematicians", "a dead end", shows categorically one of the subtler themes not only of the mathematics of ancient Greece but also of the present day, when it is devoted to the study of rectilinear segments which are incommensurable with respect to a given rectilinear segment, that is, to the study of irrational numbers. The links with Mathematics Education were emphasized and made possible the writing of a text, which enlarged numerous approaches, consolidated the importance of Book X in the relationship with other books of The Elements, as well as its particular characteristic of dealing, fundamentally, with the theme of Incommensurability.
This thesis aims to contribute to a greater understanding and deepening of the incommensurability exposed in Book X, of the work The Elements, by Euclid. The researches related to the specific study of Book X, in all its expansion and complexity, are still insufficient and lack a greater compendium of searches and guidelines, that make possible to bring to the surface, all the splendor of this singular book. Then it took a full analysis of Book X, a dip in its gears and dismemberments. Such a book, the largest and most intense of The Elements, in addition to being considered the most difficult, occupying more than a quarter of it, considered as "the cross of mathematicians", "a dead end", shows categorically one of the subtler themes not only of the mathematics of ancient Greece but also of the present day, when it is devoted to the study of rectilinear segments which are incommensurable with respect to a given rectilinear segment, that is, to the study of irrational numbers. The links with Mathematics Education were emphasized and made possible the writing of a text, which enlarged numerous approaches, consolidated the importance of Book X in the relationship with other books of The Elements, as well as its particular characteristic of dealing, fundamentally, with the theme of Incommensurability.
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Euclides, Elementos, Incomensurabilidade, Livro X, Educação matemática, Euclid, Elements, Incommensurability, Book X, Mathematics education