Atributos de solo e arraste de sedimentos após plantio de milheto e crotalária como culturas de sucessão em área de pousio
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Data
2017-09-15
Autores
Machado, Mauro Ferreira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar o efeito das culturas de sucessão, milheto e crotalária, em alguns atributos do solo, no arraste de sedimentos, e na comunidade de plantas infestantes nas parcelas instaladas em uma área de Argissolo, após 12 anos de pousio no Polo Centro Norte/APTA, Pindorama- SP. Para a determinação dos atributos do solo, foram realizadas coletas deformadas de solo nas profundidades de 0,00 a 0,05, 0,00 a 0,20 e 0,00 a 0,40 m para os dados de fertilidade e de granulometria; coletas de amostras indeformadas de solo nas profundidades 0,00 a 0,20 e de 0,20 a 0,40 m, para os dados de densidade e de porosidade; e em profundidades de 0,00, 0,10, 0,20, 0,30, 0,40 e de 0,50 m, e para a avaliação da resistência mecânica do solo à penetração, em dois períodos: antes do preparo do solo e após os 152 dias de semeadura. Em relação aos atributos físicos e químicos do solo, avaliou-se os valores de: matéria orgânica, carbono orgânico total, densidade, macroporosidade e microporosidade, e a resistência mecânica do solo à penetração. Após 152 dias da semeadura das culturas, avaliou-se as plantas daninhas infestantes, utilizando quatro repetições com quadro de amostragem de 0,25 m2. Para quantificar a quantidade de solo erodida por ocasião da erosão entre sulcos, coletou-se diariamente e após cada evento de precipitação, sempre no mesmo horário, todo o material sedimentado em duas caixas coletoras, construídas em alvenaria conectadas por um divisor Tipo Gueib com 7 janelas cada. As plantas daninhas infestantes encontradas foram devidamente identificadas, secas e pesadas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o DIC (delineamento inteiramente casualizado) com três tratamentos, representados por T1 – milheto (Pennisetum americanum L.) e T2 – crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L.) e T3 – pousio com cinco repetições. As culturas de sucessão após o preparo de solo influenciaram significativamente no número de plantas daninhas infestantes e na massa de matéria seca destas, independente da cultura utilizada, comprovando que um ciclo de rotação com as culturas testadas após 12 anos de pousio, é considerado suficiente para diminuir significativamente a infestação de plantas daninhas, mas não para promover alterações substanciais do solo no local pesquisado, já que as culturas de sucessão não influenciaram significativamente os atributos dos solos avaliados no primeiro ano de avaliação.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of succession, millet, and crotalaria cultures on some soil attributes, sediment trawling, and weed community on plots located in argisol area after 12 years of pousio in the Polo Centro Norte / APTA, Pindorama- SP. For the determination of the soil attributes, deformed soil samples were collected at depths of 0.00 to 0.05, 0.00 to 0.20 and 0.00 to 0.40 m for the fertility and granulometry data; sampling of undisturbed soil samples at depths 0.00 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m, for density and porosity data; and at depths of 0,00, 0,10, 0,20, 0,30, 0,40 and 0,50 m, and for the evaluation of the mechanical resistance of the soil to the penetration, in two periods: before the preparation of the soil and after the 152 days of sowing. In relation to the physical and chemical attributes of the soil, the following values were evaluated: organic matter, total organic carbon, density, macroporosity and microporosity, and soil mechanical resistance to penetration. After 152 days of sowing of the crops, weeds were evaluated using four replicates with a sampling frame of 0.25 m2. In order to quantify the amount of soil eroded during furrow erosion, all the sedimentated material was collected daily and after each precipitation event, in two collecting boxes, built in masonry connected by a Gueib divisor with 7 windows every. The weed weeds found were duly identified, dried and weighed. The experimental design was DIC (completely randomized design) with three treatments, represented by T1 - millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) and T2 - crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea L.) and T3 - pousio with five replications. The succession cultures after soil preparation significantly influenced the number of weeds and the dry mass of these weeds, regardless of the crop used, proving that a rotation cycle with the tested crops after 12 years of fallow is considered sufficient for to significantly reduce weed infestation but not to promote substantial soil changes at the site surveyed, as succession crops did not significantly influence soil attributes assessed in the first year of evaluation.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of succession, millet, and crotalaria cultures on some soil attributes, sediment trawling, and weed community on plots located in argisol area after 12 years of pousio in the Polo Centro Norte / APTA, Pindorama- SP. For the determination of the soil attributes, deformed soil samples were collected at depths of 0.00 to 0.05, 0.00 to 0.20 and 0.00 to 0.40 m for the fertility and granulometry data; sampling of undisturbed soil samples at depths 0.00 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m, for density and porosity data; and at depths of 0,00, 0,10, 0,20, 0,30, 0,40 and 0,50 m, and for the evaluation of the mechanical resistance of the soil to the penetration, in two periods: before the preparation of the soil and after the 152 days of sowing. In relation to the physical and chemical attributes of the soil, the following values were evaluated: organic matter, total organic carbon, density, macroporosity and microporosity, and soil mechanical resistance to penetration. After 152 days of sowing of the crops, weeds were evaluated using four replicates with a sampling frame of 0.25 m2. In order to quantify the amount of soil eroded during furrow erosion, all the sedimentated material was collected daily and after each precipitation event, in two collecting boxes, built in masonry connected by a Gueib divisor with 7 windows every. The weed weeds found were duly identified, dried and weighed. The experimental design was DIC (completely randomized design) with three treatments, represented by T1 - millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) and T2 - crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea L.) and T3 - pousio with five replications. The succession cultures after soil preparation significantly influenced the number of weeds and the dry mass of these weeds, regardless of the crop used, proving that a rotation cycle with the tested crops after 12 years of fallow is considered sufficient for to significantly reduce weed infestation but not to promote substantial soil changes at the site surveyed, as succession crops did not significantly influence soil attributes assessed in the first year of evaluation.
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Palavras-chave
Adubação verde, Carbono no solo, Manejo do solo, Densidade do solo, Soil density, Soil management, Crotalaria juncea, Pennisetum americanum, Plantas daninhas