O trabalho docente na primeira etapa da educação infantil: as interações com o mundo letrado
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Data
2017-08-18
Autores
Berbel, Lucilene Mattos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo geral descrever as práticas pedagógicas de professoras que atuam nos três anos iniciais da Educação Infantil. Os objetivos específicos referem-se a descrever, de modo mais apurado, as práticas voltadas à interação das crianças com o mundo letrado; detectar as concepções pedagógicas empregadas pelas professoras; averiguar a existência, ou não, de coerência entre discursos e práticas docentes; detectar os posicionamentos expressos pelas componentes das equipes gestoras das escolas e por representante da Secretaria Municipal da Educação e, em que medida os mesmos se aproximam ou não dos discursos e das práticas das professoras; e identificar as finalidades atribuídas à Educação Infantil nas Propostas Pedagógicas das escolas onde a pesquisa foi realizada. A pesquisa pautou-se no enfoque qualitativo, com dados coletados em entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação de aulas e análise de documentos; foi realizada nas quatro escolas municipais de Rio Claro – SP, nas quais a partir do ano letivo de 2015 todas as classes (Berçário I, Berçário II e Maternal I) foram atribuídas a professoras. As participantes foram oito docentes, quatro diretoras de escola, duas professoras coordenadoras e uma coordenadora pedagógica da Secretaria Municipal da Educação. O embasamento para a pesquisa contou com o levantamento de aspectos teóricos e históricos sobre a Educação Infantil, sobretudo em seus anos iniciais; abordou campos de experiências a serem trabalhados nesta etapa da Educação Básica, incluindo contatos com leitura e escrita; apontou as características de diferentes concepções pedagógicas referentes à aquisição do conhecimento; e apresentou pesquisas realizadas com crianças pertencentes à faixa etária relativa à Educação Infantil. Os dados obtidos revelaram que o período de trabalho das professoras que atuam na primeira etapa da Educação Infantil é reduzido e nem sempre bem aproveitado; constatou-se que as atividades realizadas são, em sua maioria, referentes a brincadeiras, estímulo à coordenação motora e a aspectos sensoriais, além daquelas voltadas aos cuidados com alimentação e higiene; poucas atividades relacionadas às interações com o mundo letrado foram observadas, e ficaram basicamente restritas a histórias infantis e à identificação dos nomes próprios, sem contemplar, portanto, textos diversificados. Diferentes concepções pedagógicas foram identificadas e o confronto entre discursos, práticas e conteúdo de documentos revelou a existência de coerências e incoerências. Os resultados indicaram que o caráter pedagógico ainda não se encontra plenamente consolidado nos três primeiros anos da Educação Infantil; que a formação inicial do pessoal docente carece de ajustes, tornando relevantes as ações relativas à formação continuada, e fazendo necessário, sobretudo, determinar qual o papel do professor nesta fase da escolaridade, de modo a definir este espaço de docência. Soma-se a isso, com vistas ao aprimoramento do trabalho realizado, a necessidade de estudos e reflexões acerca das características infantis e da importância das interações com o mundo letrado, considerando-se as capacidades dos bebês e das crianças bem pequenas e os interesses por eles demonstrados.
The present dissertation aims to describe the pedagogical practices of teachers who work in the initial three years of Early Childhood Education. The specific objectives are to describe, more accurately, the practices aimed at the interaction of children with the literate world; to detect the pedagogical conceptions employed by the teachers; to ascertain the existence or not of coherence between discourses and teaching practices; to detect the placements expressed by the components of the management teams of the schools and by the representative of the Municipal Department of Education, and to what extent they approach or not the discourses and practices of the teachers; and to identify the purposes attributed to Early Childhood Education in the Pedagogical Proposals of the schools where the research was carried out. The research was based on the qualitative approach, with data collected in semi-structured interviews, observation of classes and analysis of documents; was carried out in the four municipal schools of Rio Claro - SP, in which all classes (Nursery I, Nursery II and Maternal I) were assigned to teachers from the 2015 school year. The participants were eight teachers, four school directors, two coordinating teachers and one pedagogical coordinator of the Municipal Education Department. The basis for the research was the survey of theoretical and historical aspects of Early Childhood Education, especially in its initial years; addressed fields of experiences to be worked at this stage of Basic Educacion, including contacts with reading and writing; pointed out the characteristics of different pedagogical conceptions regarding the acquisition of knowledge; and presented researches with children belonging to the age group related to Early Childhood Education. The data obtained revealed that the period of work of the teachers who work in the first stage of Early Childhood Education is reduced and not always well used; it was observed that the activities performed are mostly related to play, stimulation of motor coordination and sensory aspects, besides those related to food and hygiene care; few activities related to interactions with the literate world were observed, and were basically restricted to children's stories and the identification of proper names, without considering, therefore, diverse texts. Different pedagogical conceptions were identified and the confrontation between discourses, practices and content of documents revealed the existence of coherences and inconsistencies. The results indicated that the pedagogical character has not yet been fully consolidated in the first three years of Early Childhood Education; that the initial training of the teaching staff needs to be adjusted, making actions related to continuing education relevant, and making it necessary, above all, to determine what role of the teacher in this phase of schooling, in order to define this teaching space. In order to improve the work done, the need for studies and reflections on children's characteristics and the importance of interactions with the literate world, considering the capacities of infants and very young children and the interests they demonstrate.
The present dissertation aims to describe the pedagogical practices of teachers who work in the initial three years of Early Childhood Education. The specific objectives are to describe, more accurately, the practices aimed at the interaction of children with the literate world; to detect the pedagogical conceptions employed by the teachers; to ascertain the existence or not of coherence between discourses and teaching practices; to detect the placements expressed by the components of the management teams of the schools and by the representative of the Municipal Department of Education, and to what extent they approach or not the discourses and practices of the teachers; and to identify the purposes attributed to Early Childhood Education in the Pedagogical Proposals of the schools where the research was carried out. The research was based on the qualitative approach, with data collected in semi-structured interviews, observation of classes and analysis of documents; was carried out in the four municipal schools of Rio Claro - SP, in which all classes (Nursery I, Nursery II and Maternal I) were assigned to teachers from the 2015 school year. The participants were eight teachers, four school directors, two coordinating teachers and one pedagogical coordinator of the Municipal Education Department. The basis for the research was the survey of theoretical and historical aspects of Early Childhood Education, especially in its initial years; addressed fields of experiences to be worked at this stage of Basic Educacion, including contacts with reading and writing; pointed out the characteristics of different pedagogical conceptions regarding the acquisition of knowledge; and presented researches with children belonging to the age group related to Early Childhood Education. The data obtained revealed that the period of work of the teachers who work in the first stage of Early Childhood Education is reduced and not always well used; it was observed that the activities performed are mostly related to play, stimulation of motor coordination and sensory aspects, besides those related to food and hygiene care; few activities related to interactions with the literate world were observed, and were basically restricted to children's stories and the identification of proper names, without considering, therefore, diverse texts. Different pedagogical conceptions were identified and the confrontation between discourses, practices and content of documents revealed the existence of coherences and inconsistencies. The results indicated that the pedagogical character has not yet been fully consolidated in the first three years of Early Childhood Education; that the initial training of the teaching staff needs to be adjusted, making actions related to continuing education relevant, and making it necessary, above all, to determine what role of the teacher in this phase of schooling, in order to define this teaching space. In order to improve the work done, the need for studies and reflections on children's characteristics and the importance of interactions with the literate world, considering the capacities of infants and very young children and the interests they demonstrate.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Educação infantil, Prática pedagógica, Interações com leitura e escrita, Concepções pedagógicas, Early childhood education, Pedagogical practice, Interactions with reading and writing, Pedagogical conceptions