A tarefa de casa e o aluno com deficiência física: reflexões a partir da perspectiva do professor do ensino regular
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Data
2017-09-18
Autores
Zafani, Mariana Dutra [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A tarefa de casa (TC) pode ser um importante recurso no processo de escolarização do aluno com deficiência, merecendo atenção especial nas discussões relacionadas à Educação Inclusiva. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi o de investigar como a TC é utilizada no processo de escolarização do aluno com deficiência física (DF), sob a perspectiva dos professores. Os objetivos específicos foram: identificar e analisar a concepção dos professores acerca da TC; identificar e analisar como a TC está sendo proposta para os alunos com DF inseridos no ensino regular; identificar e analisar a concepção dos professores sobre a parceria colaborativa entre a família e a escola; identificar e avaliar as atitudes sociais dos professores em relação à inclusão; e identificar e analisar a concepção dos professores sobre a parceria colaborativa entre a área da Saúde e a da Educação. Participaram deste estudo 15 professoras de alunos com DF. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados seis instrumentos: uma Ficha de Caracterização do Professor Participante (FCPP), um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, o Sistema de Classificação da Habilidade Manual (MACS), o Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (GMFCS), a Viking Speech Scale e a Escala Likert de Atitudes Sociais em Relação à Inclusão (ELASI). Os dados foram analisados quantitativa e qualitativamente. Os resultados revelaram que quatorze professoras enviavam TC. Onze professoras solicitavam TC para o aluno com DF com a mesma frequência que dos demais alunos. Sete professoras explicitaram realizar diferentes adaptações na TC em função das especificidades apresentadas pelo aluno com DF e nove professoras apontaram ter dificuldade para o desempenho de tal atribuição. As professoras revelaram que nem todos os alunos com DF faziam sempre a TC e que nem todas as famílias participavam sempre de sua realização. Todas as professoras foram favoráveis ao estabelecimento da parceria entre a área da Saúde e a da Educação e apenas duas não identificavam contribuições destes profissionais no que concerne à prática da TC. As dificuldades das professoras para fazer as adaptações na TC estavam significantemente relacionadas ao nível de habilidade manual dos alunos e às atitudes sociais delas em relação à inclusão. Os resultados do estudo fornecem um panorama em relação ao emprego da TC no âmbito geral e, especificamente, para os alunos com DF. Auxiliam a identificar os desafios e possibilidades para o delineamento de uma TC mais eficaz para o aluno com DF e para uma relação mais produtiva entre a escola e a família por meio dessa atividade. Sinalizam, também, a necessidade de conhecimentos específicos acerca da DF reforçando a importância de ações intersetorias entre a área da Saúde e a da Educação, bem como de investimento na capacitação do professor para o atendimento às necessidades educacionais dos alunos com DF e da oferta de oportunidades para a construção de atitudes sociais genuinamente favoráveis à inclusão em sua formação.
The homework (HW) can be an important resource in the school process of students with disabilities and it deserves special attention in the discussions regarding Inclusive Education. The general objective of this study was to investigate how the HW is used in the schooling process of the student with physical disability (PD), from the teachers' perspective. The specific objectives were: to identify and to analyse the teachers' conception regarding the HW; to identify and to analyse how the HW is being proposed for students with PD inserted in regular education; to identify and to analyse the teachers' concept of the collaborative partnership between the family and the school; to identify and evaluate teachers' social attitudes towards inclusion; and to analyse the teachers' concept of the collaborative partnership between Health and Education. Fifteen teachers of children with PD participated in this study. Six instruments were used in order to collect data: a Participant Teacher Characterization Sheet (PTCS), a semi- structured interview script, the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), the Viking Speech Scale and Likert Scale of Social Attitudes towards Inclusion (ELASI). The data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results revealed that fourteen teachers usually sent HW. Eleven teachers requested HW for the student with PD with the same frequency as for the other students. Seven teachers made explicit different adaptations in the HW according to the specificities presented by the child with PD and nine teachers pointed out that they presented difficulties in their performance of the assignments. The teachers revealed that not all the students with PD would always do the HW and that not all the families would always participate in its accomplishment. All the teachers were in favour of establishing a partnership between Health and Education and only two did not identify the contributions of these professionals regarding HW doing. The teachers' difficulties in adapting the HW were mostly related to the students' manual ability level and to their social attitudes towards inclusion. The results of the study provide an overview of the use of HW in the general context and specifically for students with PD. They helped to identify the challenges and the possibilities for the design of a more effective HW for the student with PD and for a more productive relationship between the school and the family through this activity. They also point out the need for specific knowledge about PD, emphasizing the importance of inter-sectoral actions between Health and Education, as well as investments in teachers training to meet the educational needs of the students with PD and the offer in their formation of opportunities for the construction of social attitudes genuinely favourable to inclusion in their education.
The homework (HW) can be an important resource in the school process of students with disabilities and it deserves special attention in the discussions regarding Inclusive Education. The general objective of this study was to investigate how the HW is used in the schooling process of the student with physical disability (PD), from the teachers' perspective. The specific objectives were: to identify and to analyse the teachers' conception regarding the HW; to identify and to analyse how the HW is being proposed for students with PD inserted in regular education; to identify and to analyse the teachers' concept of the collaborative partnership between the family and the school; to identify and evaluate teachers' social attitudes towards inclusion; and to analyse the teachers' concept of the collaborative partnership between Health and Education. Fifteen teachers of children with PD participated in this study. Six instruments were used in order to collect data: a Participant Teacher Characterization Sheet (PTCS), a semi- structured interview script, the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), the Viking Speech Scale and Likert Scale of Social Attitudes towards Inclusion (ELASI). The data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results revealed that fourteen teachers usually sent HW. Eleven teachers requested HW for the student with PD with the same frequency as for the other students. Seven teachers made explicit different adaptations in the HW according to the specificities presented by the child with PD and nine teachers pointed out that they presented difficulties in their performance of the assignments. The teachers revealed that not all the students with PD would always do the HW and that not all the families would always participate in its accomplishment. All the teachers were in favour of establishing a partnership between Health and Education and only two did not identify the contributions of these professionals regarding HW doing. The teachers' difficulties in adapting the HW were mostly related to the students' manual ability level and to their social attitudes towards inclusion. The results of the study provide an overview of the use of HW in the general context and specifically for students with PD. They helped to identify the challenges and the possibilities for the design of a more effective HW for the student with PD and for a more productive relationship between the school and the family through this activity. They also point out the need for specific knowledge about PD, emphasizing the importance of inter-sectoral actions between Health and Education, as well as investments in teachers training to meet the educational needs of the students with PD and the offer in their formation of opportunities for the construction of social attitudes genuinely favourable to inclusion in their education.
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Palavras-chave
Tarefa de casa, Inclusão escolar, Professores, Deficiência física, Homework, School inclusion, Teachers, Physical disability