A heveicultura na mesorregião leste do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul: aspectos técnicos e econômicos
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Data
2017-08-14
Autores
Leal, Stella Tosta [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cultura da seringueira vem crescendo no Brasil como uma atividade promissora, que ainda importa a maior parte da sua demanda de borracha natural. Existe uma grande expectativa para o crescimento de borracha no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, pois possui terras propícias para plantio de seringueira. Com isso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo central avaliar questões técnicas e socioeconômicas na produção de heveicultura na Mesorregião do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A abrangência do estudo tem como referencia as microrregiões de Cassilândia e Paranaíba, segundo a classificação do IBGE. A metodologia proposta foi realizada com a obtenção de dados secundários do processo produtivo da heveicultura e de dados primários com aplicação de questionários e entrevistas. Foram entrevistados 8 produtores de coágulo dos municípios de Aparecida do Taboado, Cassilândia e Paranaíba. Também foram entrevistados responsáveis por associações e pelas empresas compradoras da matéria prima na região e de outras regiões. No Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, a área colhida com látex coagulado cresceu 47% no período de 2005 a 2015. Verificou-se que o valor investido nos primeiros anos é alto e no custo de produção a despesa com mão de obra na sangria, corresponde cerca de 66% do Custo Operacional Efetivo (COE) e 57% do Custo Operacional Total (COT). A receita só é maior que o custo para o preço do coágulo maior que R$2,26/kg. A análise de investimentos mostrou VPL negativo, TIR de 2,70% e no 18º ano de produção o produtor recupera o capital investido na atividade. Algumas questões devem ser levantadas para não perder competitividade, como investimentos na capacitação de produtores e sangradores e utilização de tecnologias mais adequadas à região. Os desafios são muitos, mas o cultivo da seringueira no Brasil mostra ser uma atividade lucrativa e sustentável, e as perspectivas de crescimento da produção de borracha natural no país são positivas, esperando-se que atenda pelo menos a demanda interna.
The rubber culture has been growing in Brazil and is considered a promising activity, which still imports most of its natural rubber demand. There is great expectation for the rubber growth in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, because it has propitious lands for planting of rubber tree, with this present work has as its central objective to evaluate technical and socioeconomic issues in the production of heveculture in the Meso-region of the State of Mato Grosso The scope of the study is based on the microregions of Cassilândia and Paranaíba, according to the IBGE classification. The proposed methodology was performed with secondary data from the production process of the heveculture and primary data with application of questionnaires and interviews. Eight clot producers from the municipalities of Aparecida do Taboado, Cassilândia and Paranaíba were interviewed. Also interviewed were responsible for associations and companies buying the raw material in the region and other regions. In the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, the area harvested with coagulated latex increased 47% in the period from 2005 to 2015. It was verified that the amount invested in the first years is high and in the cost of production the labor expense in the sangria and Treatment, correspond to about 66% of COE and 57% of TOC. The revenue is only greater than the cost for the clot price greater than R$ 2.26/kg. The analysis of investments showed negative NPV, IRR of 2.70% and in the 18 year of production the producer recovers the capital invested in the activity. Some issues must be raised so as not to lose competitiveness as investments in the training of producers and bleeders, to use technologies more appropriate to the region. There are many challenges, but rubber cultivation in Brazil is proving to be a profitable and sustainable activity, and the country's natural rubber production growth prospects are positive and expected to meet at least domestic demand.
The rubber culture has been growing in Brazil and is considered a promising activity, which still imports most of its natural rubber demand. There is great expectation for the rubber growth in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, because it has propitious lands for planting of rubber tree, with this present work has as its central objective to evaluate technical and socioeconomic issues in the production of heveculture in the Meso-region of the State of Mato Grosso The scope of the study is based on the microregions of Cassilândia and Paranaíba, according to the IBGE classification. The proposed methodology was performed with secondary data from the production process of the heveculture and primary data with application of questionnaires and interviews. Eight clot producers from the municipalities of Aparecida do Taboado, Cassilândia and Paranaíba were interviewed. Also interviewed were responsible for associations and companies buying the raw material in the region and other regions. In the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, the area harvested with coagulated latex increased 47% in the period from 2005 to 2015. It was verified that the amount invested in the first years is high and in the cost of production the labor expense in the sangria and Treatment, correspond to about 66% of COE and 57% of TOC. The revenue is only greater than the cost for the clot price greater than R$ 2.26/kg. The analysis of investments showed negative NPV, IRR of 2.70% and in the 18 year of production the producer recovers the capital invested in the activity. Some issues must be raised so as not to lose competitiveness as investments in the training of producers and bleeders, to use technologies more appropriate to the region. There are many challenges, but rubber cultivation in Brazil is proving to be a profitable and sustainable activity, and the country's natural rubber production growth prospects are positive and expected to meet at least domestic demand.
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Palavras-chave
Custos, Lucratividades, Avaliação econômica, Seringueira, Costs, Profitability, Economic evaluation, Rubber