Influência do campo elétrico na degradação anaeróbia da glicose em reatores em batelada
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Data
2017-09-05
Autores
Horta, Elisa Fonseca [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A degradação anaeróbia é um processo biológico que a partir de uma fonte de carbono gera biogás. Dessa forma, este estudo visou compreender a influência do campo elétrico (ação de cargas elétricas) na degradação anaeróbia da glicose e na geração de biogás em reatores em batelada. Experimentos iniciais foram realizados para determinar as condições ideais de operação (concentração da fonte de carbono e tipo de inóculo). Foram utilizados 4 concentrações de glicose (0,67; 1,00; 2,00 e 10,00g/l) e 3 concentrações de acetato de sódio (0,50; 1,00 e 2,00g/l) para 4 inóculos provenientes de reatores de fluxo ascendente ( 2 de abatedouro de aves, 1 de estação de tratamento de esgoto e uma mistura dos outros 3 lodos). Foram elaborados experimentos com dois meios de cultivo diferentes a fim de identificar o meio nutricional ideal para a geração de metano, meio PYG (genérico para crescimento microbiano) e meio Del Nery (específico para metanogênicas). A próxima etapa foi operar reatores anaeróbios em batelada sob influência do campo elétrico, com utilização de placas paralelas e fonte elétrica com regulagem de tensão, nas condições determinadas pelos experimentos iniciais. As voltagens testadas foram: natural (sem interferência); aterrado (0,0V); 1,5V; 2,0V; 2,5V e 3,0V. As gerações mais elevadas de metano foram observadas para um dos inóculos provenientes do tratamento de águas residuárias de avicultura; a concentração de 2,00 g/l de glicose e o meio PYG. Em todos os reatores com voltagem induzida (de 1,5V a 3,0V) houve eletrólise da água. O reator de 1,5V foi o que obteve os melhores resultados na geração de biogás, apresentando aumento de 200% na geração de metano em comparação com o reator natural, e na remoção da DQO (demanda química de oxigênio), que foi de 93,96% da concentração inicial dos ensaios (5,00g/l). Concluiu-se que o campo elétrico teve influência positiva na degradação anaeróbia para a condição de 1,5V.
The anaerobic degradation process turns a carbon source into biogas. Thus, this study aims to understand the influence of the electric field (action of electric charges) on the anaerobic degradation of glucose and on the generation of biogas in batch reactors. Initial experiments were performed to determine the ideal operating conditions (carbon source concentration and inoculum type). Four concentrations of glucose (0.67, 1.00, 2.00 and 10.00 g/l) and 3 concentrations of sodium acetate (0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 g/l) were used for 4 inoculum from upflow reactors (2 from poultry slaughterhouse, 1 from sewage treatment plant and a mixture of the other 3 sludge). Experiments were carried out with two different culture media in order to identify the ideal nutritional medium for the generation of methane, PYG medium (generic for microbial growth) and Del Nery medium (specific for methanogenic). The next step was to operate anaerobic reactors in batch under the influence of the electric field, using parallel plates and an electric source with voltage regulation, under the conditions determined by the initial experiments. The tested voltages were: natural (no interference); grounded (0,0V); 1.5V; 2.0V; 2.5V and 3.0V. Higher generations of methane were observed using one of the inoculum sourced from poultry wastewater; the concentration of 2.00 g/l glucose and the PYG medium. In all reactors with induced voltage (from 1.5V to 3.0V) there was electrolysis of the water. The 1.5V reactor obtained the best results in the biogas generation, presenting a 200% increase in the methane generation in comparison to the natural reactor and in the removal of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), which was 93,96% of the initial assay concentration (5.00 g/l). In conclusion, the electric field had a positive influence on the anaerobic degradation for the 1.5V condition.
The anaerobic degradation process turns a carbon source into biogas. Thus, this study aims to understand the influence of the electric field (action of electric charges) on the anaerobic degradation of glucose and on the generation of biogas in batch reactors. Initial experiments were performed to determine the ideal operating conditions (carbon source concentration and inoculum type). Four concentrations of glucose (0.67, 1.00, 2.00 and 10.00 g/l) and 3 concentrations of sodium acetate (0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 g/l) were used for 4 inoculum from upflow reactors (2 from poultry slaughterhouse, 1 from sewage treatment plant and a mixture of the other 3 sludge). Experiments were carried out with two different culture media in order to identify the ideal nutritional medium for the generation of methane, PYG medium (generic for microbial growth) and Del Nery medium (specific for methanogenic). The next step was to operate anaerobic reactors in batch under the influence of the electric field, using parallel plates and an electric source with voltage regulation, under the conditions determined by the initial experiments. The tested voltages were: natural (no interference); grounded (0,0V); 1.5V; 2.0V; 2.5V and 3.0V. Higher generations of methane were observed using one of the inoculum sourced from poultry wastewater; the concentration of 2.00 g/l glucose and the PYG medium. In all reactors with induced voltage (from 1.5V to 3.0V) there was electrolysis of the water. The 1.5V reactor obtained the best results in the biogas generation, presenting a 200% increase in the methane generation in comparison to the natural reactor and in the removal of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), which was 93,96% of the initial assay concentration (5.00 g/l). In conclusion, the electric field had a positive influence on the anaerobic degradation for the 1.5V condition.
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Palavras-chave
Tensão elétrica, Eletrólise, Metano, Ácido acético, Voltage, Electrolysis, Methane, Acetic acid