Efeito do treinamento multimodal comparado ao combinado, no controle postural, marcha, aptidão funcional e composição corporal de mulheres pósmenopausa
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Data
2017-06-30
Autores
Fortaleza, Ana Claudia de Souza [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A menopausa está associada a alterações hormonais e modificações na composição corporal, como a redução da massa magra, aumento do peso e da adiposidade central. Estas mudanças, associadas ao processo de envelhecimento e à inatividade física, causam problemas no controle postural, marcha e aptidão funcional. O exercício físico tem importante papel na funcionalidade de mulheres pós-menopausa, e diferentes protocolos têm sido testados. Nosso grupo de pesquisa tem alcançado resultados satisfatórios na composição corporal, com o treinamento combinado, e na aptidão funcional, com o treinamento funcional. Por isso, pensou-se que a associação de ambos os treinos em uma mesma sessão, o que chamamos de treinamento multimodal (TM), poderia ser eficaz para melhorar componentes funcionais como controle postural, marcha, aptidão funcional e composição corporal em mulheres pós-menopausa. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito do treinamento multimodal comparado ao treinamento combinado no controle postural, marcha, aptidão funcional e composição corporal em mulheres pós-menopausa. As participantes do estudo foram randomizadas em três grupos: Treinamento Multimodal-TM (n=14), Treinamento Combinado-TC (n=16) e Grupo Controle-GC (n=12). As avaliações ocorreram no momento inicial e após 16 semanas de intervenção. O controle postural foi mensurado por plataforma de força (variáveis: velocidade total de oscilação-VelT; e área de oscilação-Aosc), nas condições bipodal olhos abertos (bi_oa), bipodal olhos fechados (bi_of), semi-tandem olhos abertos (st_oa) e semi-tandem olhos fechados (st_of.); os parâmetros da marcha, por baropodometria (comprimento da passada-CpoPa; tempo do ciclo-TpoCiclo; velocidade-Vel; porcentagem de duplo apoio-%DA); e para a aptidão funcional, foi utilizada a bateria de testes da AAHPERD e composição corporal mensurada pelo DEXA. Os treinamentos foram realizados durante 16 semanas, com frequência de três dias semanais. O TC consistiu em sessão de treinamento com exercícios de força/resistidos e exercício aeróbio-caminhada; e o TM foi composto por exercícios de equilíbrio, agilidade, coordenação e posturais, associados ao treinamento combinado. Os dados foram analisados por meio de ANOVA Two-way, com medidas repetidas, e post-hoc de BonFerroni, considerando o fator tempo, grupo e interação (tempo X grupo). As análises utilizaram o software estatístico Statistica, versão 10, com nível de significância de 5%. O TC diminuiu Aosc_bi_oa (interação=-p=0,0049) e TpoCiclo (interação=0,002), em relação ao tempo no teste de agilidade (efeito do tempo p<0,001; interação p<0,001), e aumentou CpoPa (efeito do tempo p=0,029; interação p<0,001), velocidade da marcha (efeito do tempo p=0,049; interação p<0,001) e número de repetições abdominais (efeito do tempo p<0,001; interação p=0,004); enquanto o TM diminuiu o tempo no teste de agilidade e aumentou o número de repetições abdominais. Assim, foi possível concluir que o TC melhorou o controle postural e a marcha, e ambos os treinamentos foram eficazes na aptidão funcional.
The menopausal transition is associated with hormonal changes, changes in body composition that induce fat free mass reduction and increase weight gain and central adiposity. These alterations associated with aging process and physical inactivity cause problems in postural control, gait and physical fitness. The exercise has an important role to improve all these parameters related with function in postmenopausal women and different protocols have been tested. Our research group have reached good results in body composition with combined training and improvements in physical fitness with functional training. We thought both trainings together, which we called multimodal training, could upgrade functional components like postural control, gait, coordination, strength, agility, cardiorespiratory and capacity,therefore, the main goal of this study was analyze the effect of multimodal training compared to combined training in postural control, gait, physical fitness and body composition in postmenopausal women. Methods: The participants were randomized in three groups: Multimodal training (MT, n=14), Combined training (CT, n=16) and Control group (CG, n=12) and assessed in baseline and after 16 weeks. The postural control was measured by a force platform (variables: center of pressure movement velocity-CoP_MV and center of pressure displacement area - CoP_DA) in four conditions: bipodal eyes open (beo), bipodal eyes closed (bec), semi-tandem-stance eyes open (steo) and semi-tandem-stance eyes closed (stec), gait parameters with baropodometry (stride length-SL, Stride time-ST, gait velocity GV, double support stance-DS), physical fitness using AAHPERD tests and body composition with DEXA. The trainings were performed during 16 weeks, three times for week. CT had strength and aerobic exercises (walking), MT included balance, agility, coorditation and postural exercises associated with CT. For statistic we used ANOVA Two-way repeated measure with BonFerroni post-hoc considering time, group and time-group interaction. The analyses were done in Satistica software, with significance in 5%. Results: Combined training descreased CoP_DA_beo (interaction effect,p=0,0049), ST (interaction effect, p=0,002), time in agility test (time effect,p<0,001, interaction effect<0,001), and increased SL (time effect,p=0,029, interaction effect=0,001), GV (time effect,p=0,049, interaction effect<0,001) and abdominal (time effect,p<0,001, interaction effect=0,004). MT decreased the time in agility test and increased the number of abdominals repetition.. We did not find any difference in body composition. Conclusion: CT improved postural control, gait and MT e CT improve some physical fitness parameters.
The menopausal transition is associated with hormonal changes, changes in body composition that induce fat free mass reduction and increase weight gain and central adiposity. These alterations associated with aging process and physical inactivity cause problems in postural control, gait and physical fitness. The exercise has an important role to improve all these parameters related with function in postmenopausal women and different protocols have been tested. Our research group have reached good results in body composition with combined training and improvements in physical fitness with functional training. We thought both trainings together, which we called multimodal training, could upgrade functional components like postural control, gait, coordination, strength, agility, cardiorespiratory and capacity,therefore, the main goal of this study was analyze the effect of multimodal training compared to combined training in postural control, gait, physical fitness and body composition in postmenopausal women. Methods: The participants were randomized in three groups: Multimodal training (MT, n=14), Combined training (CT, n=16) and Control group (CG, n=12) and assessed in baseline and after 16 weeks. The postural control was measured by a force platform (variables: center of pressure movement velocity-CoP_MV and center of pressure displacement area - CoP_DA) in four conditions: bipodal eyes open (beo), bipodal eyes closed (bec), semi-tandem-stance eyes open (steo) and semi-tandem-stance eyes closed (stec), gait parameters with baropodometry (stride length-SL, Stride time-ST, gait velocity GV, double support stance-DS), physical fitness using AAHPERD tests and body composition with DEXA. The trainings were performed during 16 weeks, three times for week. CT had strength and aerobic exercises (walking), MT included balance, agility, coorditation and postural exercises associated with CT. For statistic we used ANOVA Two-way repeated measure with BonFerroni post-hoc considering time, group and time-group interaction. The analyses were done in Satistica software, with significance in 5%. Results: Combined training descreased CoP_DA_beo (interaction effect,p=0,0049), ST (interaction effect, p=0,002), time in agility test (time effect,p<0,001, interaction effect<0,001), and increased SL (time effect,p=0,029, interaction effect=0,001), GV (time effect,p=0,049, interaction effect<0,001) and abdominal (time effect,p<0,001, interaction effect=0,004). MT decreased the time in agility test and increased the number of abdominals repetition.. We did not find any difference in body composition. Conclusion: CT improved postural control, gait and MT e CT improve some physical fitness parameters.
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Palavras-chave
Mulheres, Exercício, Equilíbrio postural, Marcha, Aptidão física, Women, Exercise, Postural balance, Gait, Physical phytness