A diarização do trabalho doméstico remunerado no Brasil e os dilemas atuais da (des)proteção social
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Data
2017-08-31
Autores
Costa, Francilene Soares de Medeiros [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Trata-se de um estudo acerca das implicações do crescente processo de diarização do trabalho doméstico no Brasil sobre a problemática da proteção social das trabalhadoras que atuam como diaristas. A regulamentação recente do trabalho doméstico no país é um avanço inegável para a garantia de melhores padrões de proteção social das domésticas, historicamente deficitário. Entretanto, pelo que se subentende da Lei n. 150/2015, a pessoa que trabalhar até dois dias por semana na mesma residência familiar não é objeto dessa regulamentação, pois nessas condições não se estabelece o vínculo empregatício. Neste caso ocorre uma prestação autônoma do serviço doméstico. Embora as diaristas tenham o direito de acessar a proteção social previdenciária por meio de contribuição individual, identificamos barreiras significativas para o acesso dessas trabalhadoras ao sistema. Nesse caso, as desigualdades regionais representam um importante agravante. Assim, o processo de diarização em curso no país comparece, em potencial, como a nova face da (des)proteção social da trabalhadora doméstica brasileira. A perspectiva metodológica do estudo é quantitativa e qualitativa. Foram utilizadas fontes documentais e bibliográficas, além de dados estatísticos. Para um panorama global sobre o trabalho doméstico remunerado utilizamos os dados compilados pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT). E para realidade do Brasil, fizemos uso dos microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD/IBGE). Também realizamos entrevistas com diaristas residentes nas cidades de Belém/PA e São Paulo/SP, orientadas pelo uso de roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, contendo questões abertas e fechadas.
It is a study about the implications of the growing diarisation of domestic work in Brazil on the issue of social protection of daily workers. The recent regulation of domestic work in the country is an undeniable advance for the guarantee of better standards of social protection of domestic, historically deficient. However, according to what is implied by the Law n. 150/2015, the person who works up to two days a week in the same family residence is not subject to this regulation, because under these conditions the employment relationship is not established. In this case there is an autonomous provision of domestic service. Although daily workers have the right to access social security social protection through individual contributions, we identified significant barriers to the access of workers to the system. In this case, regional inequalities represent an important aggravating factor. Thus, the process of diarisation in progress in the country appears, potentially, as the new face of the (un) social protection of the Brazilian domestic worker. The methodological perspective of the study is quantitative and qualitative. Documentary and bibliographical sources were used, as well as statistics data. For an overall view of paid domestic work we used data compiled by the International Labor Organization (ILO). And for the Brazilian reality, we used microdata from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD/IBGE). We also conducted interviews with daily workers living in the cities of Belém/PA and São Paulo/SP, guided by a semi-structured interview script, containing open and closed questions.
It is a study about the implications of the growing diarisation of domestic work in Brazil on the issue of social protection of daily workers. The recent regulation of domestic work in the country is an undeniable advance for the guarantee of better standards of social protection of domestic, historically deficient. However, according to what is implied by the Law n. 150/2015, the person who works up to two days a week in the same family residence is not subject to this regulation, because under these conditions the employment relationship is not established. In this case there is an autonomous provision of domestic service. Although daily workers have the right to access social security social protection through individual contributions, we identified significant barriers to the access of workers to the system. In this case, regional inequalities represent an important aggravating factor. Thus, the process of diarisation in progress in the country appears, potentially, as the new face of the (un) social protection of the Brazilian domestic worker. The methodological perspective of the study is quantitative and qualitative. Documentary and bibliographical sources were used, as well as statistics data. For an overall view of paid domestic work we used data compiled by the International Labor Organization (ILO). And for the Brazilian reality, we used microdata from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD/IBGE). We also conducted interviews with daily workers living in the cities of Belém/PA and São Paulo/SP, guided by a semi-structured interview script, containing open and closed questions.
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Palavras-chave
Trabalho doméstico remunerado, Proteção social, Diaristas, Paid domestic work, social protection, daily workers