As transformações históricas e a dinâmica atual da paisagem do município de Pedro do Rosário, Baixada Maranhense - MA
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Data
2017-09-28
Autores
Pereira, Paulo Roberto Mendes [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo apresenta as transformações e a atual dinâmica da paisagem do município de Pedro do Rosário, no estado do Maranhão entre os anos de 1984 a 2016, utilizando como abordagem teórico-metodológica, o modelo GTP (Geossistema - Território-Paisagem) proposto por Bertrand e Bertrand (2009). Para tanto foi utilizado um conjunto de procedimentos, a saber: processamentos digitais de imagens, levantamentos fitossociológicos, aplicação de questionários, voltados para avaliação das potencialidades e fragilidades dos geossistemas, e identificação dos principais fatores que atuam nas mudanças ocorridas no local. O referido município está inserido na Baixada Maranhense, uma região natural integrada por um sistema hidrográfico lacustre, constituído por rios, lagos e planícies fluviais inundáveis e contém em seus limites territoriais alguns dos principais divisores de águas que formam os rios e lagos da Baixada Maranhense. Todavia é interessante notar, que o mesmo não se encontra assistido pela política estadual de proteção ambiental, situação problemática, na medida em que se torna possível, perceber ao longo do tempo, transformações significativas associadas às características socioeconômicas locais. Como resultado foi possível diagnosticar as transformações paisagísticas ocorridas nas últimas 4 décadas. Pedro do Rosário passou por mudanças significativas, associadas às formas de uso ocorridas historicamente no local, com destaque para a pecuária, que ocasionou o aumento de áreas de pastagens em mais 44% e redução significativa da cobertura vegetal para 29% do território no ano de 2016, sendo encontradas fragmentadas em pequenas manchas, se apresentando sob forte atividade antrópica. O estudo atual fornece subsídios para novas pesquisas científicas e acadêmicas além de fornecer dados que podem auxiliar na elaboração e implementação de políticas públicas, objetivando o ordenamento do território que concorra para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população local.
This etude shows as purpose to identify the historic transformations and of the current landscape dynamic of the Pedro do Rosário city – Maranhão between the years of 1984 to 2016, using as theorical-methodological model, the GTL model (Geosystem, Territory, Landscape) purposed by Bertrand and Bertrand (2009).For such, were used a methodological procedures ensemble, to be know: digital image processing, phytosociological surveys, questionnaires application, aimed to evaluate the potentialities and fragilities of the geosystems, identify the main factors that perform on the occurred changes on the local. The referred municipality is inserted on the Baixada Maranhense, a natural region integrated by a hydrographic lacustrine system, constituted by rivers, lakes and floodable fluvial plains. Some of the main waters splitters that composes the channels that forms the rivers and lakes of the Baixada Maranhense, are situated inside of the territorial limits of this city. However, is interest to point, than the same does not found aided by the statal policy of environmental protection, problematic situation, as long as that becomes possible, to realize along the time significant transformations associated to the environmental characteristics and local social economics. As result, was possible to identify than along grade of modifications on the last 4 decades. Pedro do Rosário passed for significant changes, associated to the use forms and occupation occurred historically on the local, with highlight to the cattle raising, that caused the increase of grassland areas in over 44% and significant reduction of the vegetal covering to 29% of the territory on 2016 year, being have founds in spaced ways in small stains and fragments, presenting under strong anthropic activity. The present study supplies subsidies for new scientific researches and academic besides to supply data for purposes of public policies elaboration, with looks to enhancement of the life quality of the local society.
This etude shows as purpose to identify the historic transformations and of the current landscape dynamic of the Pedro do Rosário city – Maranhão between the years of 1984 to 2016, using as theorical-methodological model, the GTL model (Geosystem, Territory, Landscape) purposed by Bertrand and Bertrand (2009).For such, were used a methodological procedures ensemble, to be know: digital image processing, phytosociological surveys, questionnaires application, aimed to evaluate the potentialities and fragilities of the geosystems, identify the main factors that perform on the occurred changes on the local. The referred municipality is inserted on the Baixada Maranhense, a natural region integrated by a hydrographic lacustrine system, constituted by rivers, lakes and floodable fluvial plains. Some of the main waters splitters that composes the channels that forms the rivers and lakes of the Baixada Maranhense, are situated inside of the territorial limits of this city. However, is interest to point, than the same does not found aided by the statal policy of environmental protection, problematic situation, as long as that becomes possible, to realize along the time significant transformations associated to the environmental characteristics and local social economics. As result, was possible to identify than along grade of modifications on the last 4 decades. Pedro do Rosário passed for significant changes, associated to the use forms and occupation occurred historically on the local, with highlight to the cattle raising, that caused the increase of grassland areas in over 44% and significant reduction of the vegetal covering to 29% of the territory on 2016 year, being have founds in spaced ways in small stains and fragments, presenting under strong anthropic activity. The present study supplies subsidies for new scientific researches and academic besides to supply data for purposes of public policies elaboration, with looks to enhancement of the life quality of the local society.
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Palavras-chave
Paisagem, GTP, Pedro do Rosário - Maranhão, Cobertura da terra, Baixada Maranhense, Vegetal covering