Efeitos agudos do exercício físico em piscina aquecida versus em solo sobre variáveis hemodinâmicas de idosos hipertensos
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Data
2017-09-26
Autores
Ngomane, Awassi Yuphiwa [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: A promoção da prática regular de exercícios físicos é uma das principais metas globais de inúmeras sociedades médicas para prevenção e controle de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, sendo uma das principais terapêuticas para o paciente com hipertensão arterial sistêmica. O exercício físico em piscina aquecida tem surgido como uma potencial alternativa ao exercício físico em solo para a redução da pressão arterial (PA) de pacientes hipertensos. Entretanto, seus efeitos agudos sobre a PA ambulatorial, bem como sobre variáveis hemodinâmicas envolvidas no controle da PA de idosos hipertensos não têm sido investigados. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos agudos de uma sessão de exercício físico em piscina aquecida (EPA) versus exercício físico em solo (ES) sobre a PA, rigidez arterial, função endotelial e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em idosos hipertensos. Metodologia: 15 idosos hipertensos (idade superior a 60 anos) de ambos os sexos, sedentários e em tratamento farmacológico anti-hipertensivo, foram submetidos a uma sessão de EPA, ES e controle sem exercício (CON) em ordem randomizada (2 a 5 dias de intervalo entre as intervenções) e tiveram a PA, rigidez arterial, função endotelial e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca analisadas antes, imediatamente após e 45 minutos após cada intervenção, enquanto que a PA ambulatorial foi analisada durante 24 horas após cada intervenção. As sessões de EPA e ES consistiram de 30 min de exercícios aeróbios com intensidade entre relativamente fácil e ligeiramente cansativo na escala de percepção subjetiva de esforço de Borg, enquanto que a sessão CON consistiu de 30 min de repouso na posição sentada. Resultados: Houve redução da PA (9,9 ± 3,1 mmHg; P < 0,01) 45 min após EPA, mas não após ES e CON, quando comparado aos valores pré-intervenção. A análise da PA ambulatorial demonstrou que apenas a sessão de EPA reduziu (P < 0.05) a PA sistólica 24-h (EPA: 118 ± 3,0 mmHg; ES: 123 ± 3,3 mmHg; CON: 123 ± 3,7 mmHg), de vigília (EPA: 120 ± 3,1 mmHg; ES: 124 ± 3,2 mmHg; CON: 125 ± 3,5 mmHg) e sono (EPA: 114 ± 3,1 mmHg; ES: 120 ± 3,9 mmHg; CON:119 ± 4,3 mmHg), bem como a PA diastólica 24-h (EPA: 72 ± 2,4 mmHg; ES:75 ± 2,9 mmHg; CON: 74 ± 2,9 mmHg) e de vigília (EPA: 74 ± 2,9 mmHg; ES: 77 ± 3,0 mmHg; CON 76 ± 2,9 mmHg), enquanto que a PA diastólica de sono não reduziu após ambas as sessões de exercício. A magnitude de redução da PA após EPA em comparação a sessão CON variou de 4,5 ± 1,3 mmHg (PA diastólica 24-h) à 9,5 ± 3,0 mmHg (PA sistólica de sono), e perdurou de maneira significativa até a 17a hora pós-intervenção, para a PA sistólica e até a 10a hora pós-intervenção, para a PA diastólica. Não houve alteração significativa VOP carótido-femoral, função endotelial e VFC durante as intervenções, bem como entre as intervenções. Conclusão: Apenas a sessão de EPA foi efetiva para reduzir a PA de repouso e ambulatorial, sugerindo que o exercício físico em piscina aquecida pode ter importantes implicações para controle da PA de idosos hipertensos em tratamento farmacológico.
Background: Physical exercise promotion is one of the main global goals of innumerous health and medical societies for preventing and managing non communicable chronic diseases, being one of the main therapeutic for the patient with hypertension. Exercise in heated swimming pool has emerged as a potential alternative to physical exercise on the ground for the reduction of blood pressure (BP) of hypertensive patients, however, its effects on BP and about hemodynamic variables of hypertensive elderly patients have not been investigated. Purpose: Evaluate the acute effects of physical exercise in a heated pool (Hex) versus in land-based (Lb) on pressure, arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and heart rate variability in older hypertensive adults. Methods: 15 hypertensive elderly ( older than 60 years) of both sexes, sedentary and in antihypertensive drug treatment were submitted to a session of Hex, Lb and control without exercise (CON) in random order (2 to 5 days the interval between interventions) and had BP, arterial stiffness, endothelial function and heart rate variability were analyzed before, immediately after and 45 minutes after each intervention, whereas outpatient PA was analyzed for 24 hours after each intervention. The sessions of Hex and Lb consisted of 30 minutes of aerobic exercise with intensity between relatively easy and slightly tiring on the scale of subjective perception of Borg effort, while the CON session consisted of 30 minutes of rest in the sitting position. Results: There was a reduction in BP (9,9 ± 3,1 mmHg; P< 0,01) 45 min after Hex, but not after Lb and CON, when compared to pre-intervention values. Outpatient BP analysis showed that only the Hex session reduced (P < 0.05) systolic BP 24 h (Hex: 118 ± 3,0 mmHg; Lb: 123 ± 3,3 mmHg; CON: 123 ± 3,7 mmHg), daytime systolic (Hex: 120 ± 3,1 mmHg; Lb: 124 ± 3,2 mmHg; CON: 125 ± 3,5 mmHg) and nighttime systolic (Hex: 114 ± 3,1 mmHg; Lb: 120 ± 3,9 mmHg; CON:119 ± 4,3 mmHg), as well as 24-h diastolic BP (Hex: 72 ± 2,4 mmHg; Lb:75 ± 2,9 mmHg; CON: 74 ± 2,9 mmHg) and daytime systolic (Hex: 74 ± 2,9 mmHg; Lb: 77 ± 3,0 mmHg; CON 76 ± 2,9 mmHg), while nighttime diastolic BP did not decrease after both exercise sessions. The magnitude of BP reduction after EPA compared to the CON session ranged from 4.5 ± 1.3 mmHg (24-h diastolic BP ) to 9.5 ± 3.0 mmHg (nighttime systolic BP), and persisted significant difference up to the 17th postoperative hour for systolic BP and up to the 10th postoperative hour for diastolic BP. There was no significant change in carotid-femoral VOP, endothelial function and HRV during interventions, as well as between interventions. Conclusion: Only the Hex session was effective in reducing BP at rest and in the outpatient setting, suggesting that physical exercise in a heated pool may have important implications for BP control of elderly hypertensive patients undergoing pharmacological treatment.
Background: Physical exercise promotion is one of the main global goals of innumerous health and medical societies for preventing and managing non communicable chronic diseases, being one of the main therapeutic for the patient with hypertension. Exercise in heated swimming pool has emerged as a potential alternative to physical exercise on the ground for the reduction of blood pressure (BP) of hypertensive patients, however, its effects on BP and about hemodynamic variables of hypertensive elderly patients have not been investigated. Purpose: Evaluate the acute effects of physical exercise in a heated pool (Hex) versus in land-based (Lb) on pressure, arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and heart rate variability in older hypertensive adults. Methods: 15 hypertensive elderly ( older than 60 years) of both sexes, sedentary and in antihypertensive drug treatment were submitted to a session of Hex, Lb and control without exercise (CON) in random order (2 to 5 days the interval between interventions) and had BP, arterial stiffness, endothelial function and heart rate variability were analyzed before, immediately after and 45 minutes after each intervention, whereas outpatient PA was analyzed for 24 hours after each intervention. The sessions of Hex and Lb consisted of 30 minutes of aerobic exercise with intensity between relatively easy and slightly tiring on the scale of subjective perception of Borg effort, while the CON session consisted of 30 minutes of rest in the sitting position. Results: There was a reduction in BP (9,9 ± 3,1 mmHg; P< 0,01) 45 min after Hex, but not after Lb and CON, when compared to pre-intervention values. Outpatient BP analysis showed that only the Hex session reduced (P < 0.05) systolic BP 24 h (Hex: 118 ± 3,0 mmHg; Lb: 123 ± 3,3 mmHg; CON: 123 ± 3,7 mmHg), daytime systolic (Hex: 120 ± 3,1 mmHg; Lb: 124 ± 3,2 mmHg; CON: 125 ± 3,5 mmHg) and nighttime systolic (Hex: 114 ± 3,1 mmHg; Lb: 120 ± 3,9 mmHg; CON:119 ± 4,3 mmHg), as well as 24-h diastolic BP (Hex: 72 ± 2,4 mmHg; Lb:75 ± 2,9 mmHg; CON: 74 ± 2,9 mmHg) and daytime systolic (Hex: 74 ± 2,9 mmHg; Lb: 77 ± 3,0 mmHg; CON 76 ± 2,9 mmHg), while nighttime diastolic BP did not decrease after both exercise sessions. The magnitude of BP reduction after EPA compared to the CON session ranged from 4.5 ± 1.3 mmHg (24-h diastolic BP ) to 9.5 ± 3.0 mmHg (nighttime systolic BP), and persisted significant difference up to the 17th postoperative hour for systolic BP and up to the 10th postoperative hour for diastolic BP. There was no significant change in carotid-femoral VOP, endothelial function and HRV during interventions, as well as between interventions. Conclusion: Only the Hex session was effective in reducing BP at rest and in the outpatient setting, suggesting that physical exercise in a heated pool may have important implications for BP control of elderly hypertensive patients undergoing pharmacological treatment.
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Palavras-chave
Envelhecimento, Exercício físico, Função endotelial, Rigidez arterial, Pressão arterial, Sistema nervoso autônomo, Aging, Exercise, Pathophysiology, Hypertension, Elderly, Hemodynamic response