Avaliação biomecânica dos músculos rotadores do ombro em atletas de elite de polo aquático e jovens fisicamente ativos
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Data
2017-11-22
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O polo aquático é um esporte coletivo, jogado na água e de alta intensidade, que exige ótima condição física dos atletas. Considerando a importância do complexo do ombro nas ações de jogadores do polo aquático, tornou-se importante investigar a influência das variáveis de torque e propriocepção, as quais podem ser afetadas e predispor o atleta a lesões. Além disso, o presente estudo pretendeu identificar a influência da fadiga e quais as contribuições da bandagem elástica quando aplicada na articulação do ombro sobre o desempenho de força e propriocepção em atletas. Participaram deste estudo 20 voluntários homens, 10 atletas profissionais de Polo Aquático e 10 jovens fisicamente ativos, os quais foram submetidos a testes (Cinestesia, Senso de Posição Ativo, Isocinético Concêntrico/Concêntrico e Concêntrico/Excêntrico, torque isométrico máximo, controle de força, indução de fadiga e all out no dinamômetro isocinético) realizados em dinamômetro isocinético (Byodex System 4 Pro), com e sem bandagem funcional. Para o tratamento estatístico foram realizados testes de normalidade (Shapiro-Wilk) e de homocedasticidade (Levene) e garantidas às condições de distribuição normal e variâncias homogêneas, foi utilizado o teste paramétrico t-Student para amostras pareadas e independentes com o nível de significância de α < 0.05. Os resultados mostraram que não houve influência da bandagem elástica nas variáveis estudadas em atletas. Em relação aos jovens fisicamente ativos foram encontradas influência da fadiga no Toque Máximo Isométrico e isocinético para rotação interna (concêntrica). Já ao comparar os grupos, os resultados mostraram que atletas apresentam maior torque máximo tanto isométrico como isocinético nos rotadores do ombro, e que apesar das diferenças no TC e W’ maiores em atletas em aproximadamente 40%, quando o torque crítico é normalizado pela CVM, não existe diferença entre os grupos. O presente estudo concluiu que a Bandagem Elástica não interferiu no desempenho e por isso não existem implicações contrárias à sua utilização terapêutica e que o tipo de atividade e treinamento realizados no polo aquático não são próprios para aumentar os percentuais de torque crítico e que o mesmo é maior, devido a maiores capacidades de força e não necessariamente devido a melhora na resistência.
The water polo is a collective sport, played in the water with high intensity, which requires optimum physical condition of the athletes. Considering the importance of the shoulder complex in the actions of water polo players, it has become important to investigate the influence of torque and proprioception variables, which may be affected and predispose the athlete to injury. In addition, the present study aimed to identify the influence of fatigue and the contributions of elastic bandage when applied to the shoulder joint on the performance of torque and proprioception in athletes. Have participated in this study 20 male volunteers, 10 professional water polo athletes and 10 physically active young people, who performed the tests (kinesthesia, active position sensing, concentric / concentric and concentric / eccentric isokinetic torque, maximal isometric torque, induction of fatigue and all out) performed in isokinetic dynamometer (Byodex System 4 Pro), with and without functional bandage. For the statistical treatment, normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and homoscedasticity (Levene) tests were performed and guaranteed to the conditions of normal distribution and homogeneous variances, the Student's t-parametric test was used for paired and independent samples with the significance level of α <0.05. The results showed that there was no influence of the elastic bandage on the variables studied in athletes. In relation to the physically active young people, the influence of fatigue was found in Isometric Maximum Torque and isokinetic for internal (concentric) rotation. When comparing the groups, the results showed that athletes presented higher isometric and isokinetic maximum torque in shoulder rotators, and that despite differences in CT and W 'in athletes by approximately 40%, but when the critical torque is normalized by CVM , there is no difference between groups. The present study concluded that elastic Bandage did not interfere in the performance and therefore there are no implications contrary to its therapeutic use and that the type of activity and training performed in the water polo are not proper to increase the percentages of critical torque, once it is higher, due to higher strength capacities and not necessarily due to improved resistance.
The water polo is a collective sport, played in the water with high intensity, which requires optimum physical condition of the athletes. Considering the importance of the shoulder complex in the actions of water polo players, it has become important to investigate the influence of torque and proprioception variables, which may be affected and predispose the athlete to injury. In addition, the present study aimed to identify the influence of fatigue and the contributions of elastic bandage when applied to the shoulder joint on the performance of torque and proprioception in athletes. Have participated in this study 20 male volunteers, 10 professional water polo athletes and 10 physically active young people, who performed the tests (kinesthesia, active position sensing, concentric / concentric and concentric / eccentric isokinetic torque, maximal isometric torque, induction of fatigue and all out) performed in isokinetic dynamometer (Byodex System 4 Pro), with and without functional bandage. For the statistical treatment, normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and homoscedasticity (Levene) tests were performed and guaranteed to the conditions of normal distribution and homogeneous variances, the Student's t-parametric test was used for paired and independent samples with the significance level of α <0.05. The results showed that there was no influence of the elastic bandage on the variables studied in athletes. In relation to the physically active young people, the influence of fatigue was found in Isometric Maximum Torque and isokinetic for internal (concentric) rotation. When comparing the groups, the results showed that athletes presented higher isometric and isokinetic maximum torque in shoulder rotators, and that despite differences in CT and W 'in athletes by approximately 40%, but when the critical torque is normalized by CVM , there is no difference between groups. The present study concluded that elastic Bandage did not interfere in the performance and therefore there are no implications contrary to its therapeutic use and that the type of activity and training performed in the water polo are not proper to increase the percentages of critical torque, once it is higher, due to higher strength capacities and not necessarily due to improved resistance.
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Palavras-chave
Biomecânica, Ombro, Polo aquático, Biomechanics, Water polo, Shoulder