Efeito da suplementação com óleo de abacate (Persea americana Mill) sobre os parâmetros clínicos e metabólicos de equinos submetidos a exercício em esteira ergométrica
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Data
2017-09-25
Autores
Mazzante, Nayara Maria Gil
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O óleo de avocado é rico em ácidos graxos monoinsaturados, sendo o ácido oleico o mais comum deles. É uma fruta de densidade energética média, pois aproximadamente 80% da polpa é composta de água (72%) e fibras (6,8%). Seu consumo foi relacionado a diferenças significativas na qualidade da dieta e nutrientes ingeridos, maiores níveis de HDL, menor peso corporal e menor risco de síndrome metabólica em humanos adultos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação com óleo de avocado sobre parâmetros clínicos e metabólicos de cavalos. Foram utilizados oito equinos adultos da raça Puro Sangue Árabe, machos castrados, com peso corporal de 341±15 kg, idade de 5±1 anos, hígidos e ao menos três meses sem atividade física controlada. Os equinos foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de quatro animais cada, que passaram por duas etapas, suplementados com óleo de avocado (GOAv, n=8) e controle (GC, n=8), com 30 dias de intervalo entre elas. A suplementação com óleo de avocado foi realizada diariamente durante o período de 6 semanas pelo do cálculo do volume de óleo correspondente a 5% da matéria seca da dieta, sendo que o volume foi misturado à ração e então oferecida em cochos individuais. O grupo controle recebeu somente a ração comercial para equinos. Para verificar o efeito da suplementação com óleo de avocado no exercício físico, os equinos realizaram o Teste Padrão de Exercício Progressivo (TPEP) e Teste de Exercício de Baixa Intensidade e Longa Duração (BILD). O TPEP foi realizado em esteira com inclinação de 6% e consistiu em fases sequenciais de velocidades progressivas de 1,8 m/s por um período de 5 min, seguindo a 4,0 m/s por 3 min, 6,0 m/s; 7,0; 8,0 e 9,0 m/s por 2 min em cada velocidade, ou até quando os cavalos não conseguiram manter o galope mesmo sendo estimulados. No BILD os cavalos realizaram exercício com inclinação de 6% e à velocidade individual referente a V140 pelo período de 60 min. O efeito da suplementação sob o exercício foi avaliado com base nas concentrações de lactato, glicose, volume globular, proteína plasmática total, V4, FCmax, VFCmax e distância percorrida. Foi realizada Análise de Variância de Medidas Repetidas no Tempo dentro de cada grupo para comparação dos momentos e o Teste t pareado para comparação dos grupos dentro de cada momento. As análises foram processadas com o auxílio do programa estatístico computadorizado (SigmaStat versão 3.5). Todas as análises foram consideradas significativas quando p<0,05. Foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos no lactato plasmático, glicemia e V4 obtidos no TPEP. A suplementação com óleo de avocado na dieta de equinos submetidos ao exercício promoveu alterações positivas nos valores de lactato e glicose, pois foi observado menores valores de lactato plasmático; e maiores valores de V4 e glicose após o exercício no GOAv, o que sugere um melhor desempenho físico.
Avocado oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, which is the most common of oleic acid. It is a fruit of average energy density, as approximately 80% of the pulp is composed of water (72%) and fibers (6.8%). Its consumption was related to significant differences in the quality of diet and ingested nutrients, higher levels of HDL, lower body weight and lower risk of metabolic syndrome in adult humans. The aim of the study will be to evaluate the effect of the avocado oil supplementation on clinical and metabolic parameters of horses over a period of 6 weeks. Eight adult Arabian horses were used, gelding males, with body weight of 341 ± 15 kg, age 5 ± 1 year, healthy and at least three months without controlled physical activity. The horses were randomly separated into two groups of four animals each, which passed through two stages, supplemented with avocado oil (GOAv, n=8) and control (GC, n=8), with 30 days of interval between them. Avocado oil supplementation was performed daily during a 6-week period by calculating the oil volume corresponding 5% of the dry matter of the diet, and the volume was mixed to the feed and then offered in the individual troughs. The control group received only the commercial feed for horses. To verify the effect of supplementation on physical exercise, the horses performed the Standardized Incremental Exercise Test (SIET) Low Intensity Exercise Test (LO). TPEP was performed on a 6% slope treadmill and consisted in sequential phases in progressive velocities of 1.8 m / s per a period of 5 minutes, following 4.0 m / s per 3 minutes, 6.0 m / s; 7.0; 8.0; 9.0 per 10.0 m / s for 2 minutes at each speed, or until the horses cannot maintain the gallop even when being stimulated. In BILD, the horses performed exercise with a slope of 6% and the individual speed of V140 for 60 minutes. The effect of the supplementation under exercise was evaluated by the lactate and glucose concentrations, as well as on the effect of the V4, HRmax, VHRmax, heart rate (HR) and distance. The data was analyzed by Variance Analysis of the Time Repeated Measurements within each group for comparison of the moments and the paired t Test for comparison of the groups within each moment. The analyzes were processed with computerized statistical program (SigmaStat version 3.5). The analyzes were considered significant when p<0.05. Differences were between the groups were observed in plasma lactate, glycemia and V4 obtained in SIET. The supplementation with avocado oil in the diet of horses submitted to exercise promoted positive changes in lactate and glucose values, as lower plasma lactate values were observed; and higher values of V4 and glucose after exercise in GOAv, which suggests better physical performance.
Avocado oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, which is the most common of oleic acid. It is a fruit of average energy density, as approximately 80% of the pulp is composed of water (72%) and fibers (6.8%). Its consumption was related to significant differences in the quality of diet and ingested nutrients, higher levels of HDL, lower body weight and lower risk of metabolic syndrome in adult humans. The aim of the study will be to evaluate the effect of the avocado oil supplementation on clinical and metabolic parameters of horses over a period of 6 weeks. Eight adult Arabian horses were used, gelding males, with body weight of 341 ± 15 kg, age 5 ± 1 year, healthy and at least three months without controlled physical activity. The horses were randomly separated into two groups of four animals each, which passed through two stages, supplemented with avocado oil (GOAv, n=8) and control (GC, n=8), with 30 days of interval between them. Avocado oil supplementation was performed daily during a 6-week period by calculating the oil volume corresponding 5% of the dry matter of the diet, and the volume was mixed to the feed and then offered in the individual troughs. The control group received only the commercial feed for horses. To verify the effect of supplementation on physical exercise, the horses performed the Standardized Incremental Exercise Test (SIET) Low Intensity Exercise Test (LO). TPEP was performed on a 6% slope treadmill and consisted in sequential phases in progressive velocities of 1.8 m / s per a period of 5 minutes, following 4.0 m / s per 3 minutes, 6.0 m / s; 7.0; 8.0; 9.0 per 10.0 m / s for 2 minutes at each speed, or until the horses cannot maintain the gallop even when being stimulated. In BILD, the horses performed exercise with a slope of 6% and the individual speed of V140 for 60 minutes. The effect of the supplementation under exercise was evaluated by the lactate and glucose concentrations, as well as on the effect of the V4, HRmax, VHRmax, heart rate (HR) and distance. The data was analyzed by Variance Analysis of the Time Repeated Measurements within each group for comparison of the moments and the paired t Test for comparison of the groups within each moment. The analyzes were processed with computerized statistical program (SigmaStat version 3.5). The analyzes were considered significant when p<0.05. Differences were between the groups were observed in plasma lactate, glycemia and V4 obtained in SIET. The supplementation with avocado oil in the diet of horses submitted to exercise promoted positive changes in lactate and glucose values, as lower plasma lactate values were observed; and higher values of V4 and glucose after exercise in GOAv, which suggests better physical performance.
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Palavras-chave
avocado, desempenho, lipídeos, teste físico de exercício, lipids, performance, exercise physical test