Temperamento de bovinos da raça Girolando: técnicas de avaliação e suas relações com desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo
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Data
2017-11-27
Autores
Carvalhal, Monique Valeria de Lima
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os objetivos gerais com esta tese foram identificar os métodos mais adequados para avaliação de temperamento de bovinos da raça Girolando, além de entender suas relações com desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo. Para tanto, foram realizados dois estudos: a) Estudo 1- Avaliação do temperamento de touros da raça Girolando e sua relação com o desempenho reprodutivo. No qual, o objetivo foi caracterizar o temperamento de touros Girolando e estudar o efeito dessa característica na performance reprodutiva desses animais. Foram realizadas avaliações de temperamento e de desempenho reprodutivo em 281 touros submetidos ao Pré-teste de Progênie da GIROLANDO. Foram encontradas variações do temperamento dos animais ao longo do tempo e efeito significativo do grupo genético. Nenhuma das variáveis de performance reprodutiva foi significativamente afetada pelos indicadores de temperamento (VF, ITEMP e ET; P > 0,05 para todas as análises). Concluímos que os indicadores de temperamento utilizados são um bom indicador de temperamento em touros Girolando, já que permite a identificação objetiva dos touros com caráter indesejável e que causam dificuldades de manejo. Não foram encontradas associações do temperamento com a performance produtiva dos touros, estudos adicionais são necessários para aumentar o conhecimento sobre os mecanismos nos quais o temperamento dos touros pode afetar a reprodução. b) Estudo 2- Temperamento de vacas em lactação da raça Girolando e sua relação com a produção e o fluxo lácteo. No qual o objetivo foi estudar como o temperamento se expressa em relação aos diferentes grupos genéticos e avaliar como as características indicadoras do temperamento afetam a produção de leite e o fluxo lácteo. Foram avaliadas 287 vacas em lactação da raça Girolando mantidas a pasto, classificadas em dois grupos (primíparas e multíparas). Para as avaliações de reatividade foi aplicado um escore (1 a 8) no momento da preparação do úbere e colocação da teteira. Efeitos significativos do grupo genético sobre a reatividade dos animais tanto para o grupo de vacas multíparas e primíparas, foram encontrados. Da mesma forma foi observado um efeito do escore composto de temperamento (ECT) e da reatividade na preparação do úbere (REAP) sobre a produção de leite para as vacas primíparas. Sobre o fluxo lácteo, foram encontrados efeito do REAP para rebanho de vacas primíparas. Para as vacas multíparas não foram encontrados efeitos do temperamento sobre a produção de leite e sim para o fluxo lácteo. Houve variação linear significativa para as variáveis ECT e REAP. Com esse estudo concluímos que há uma influência do comportamento de vacas Girolando na ordenha sobre o desempenho desses animais. Com essa tese esperamos ter respondido a alguns questionamentos sobre o temperamento dos animais das raças Girolando, agregando informações que possam ser úteis para as condições brasileiras de criação de bovinos leiteiros.
The objective of this research was to identify and validate more appropriate methods for temperament evaluation of Girolando cattle, in addition to understanding their relationships with productive and reproductive performance. Two studies were performed: a) Study 1- Evaluation of the temperament of Girolando bulls and their relationship with reproductive performance; b) Study 2- Temperament of Girolando cows and its relationship with production and milk flow. In Study 1, the objective was to characterize the temperament of Girolando bulls and to study the effect of this trait on the reproductive performance of animals. To assessed the temperament and the reproductive performances of 281 bulls (participants of the pre- progeny test conducted by the Brazilian Girolando Breeders Association and Embrapa). Variations of the temperament of the animals were found over time and significant effect of the genetic group only for variable crush test (ET). None of the reproductive performance variables was significantly affected by the temperament indicators (VF, ITEMP and ET, P> 0.05 for all analyzes). We conclude that the temperament indicators used are a reliable indicator of temperament in Girolando bulls. No associations of temperament with the productive performance of the bulls were found, additional studies are necessary to increase the knowledge about the mechanisms in which the temperament of the bulls can affect the reproduction. In Study 2 the objective was to study how temperament is expressed in relation to the different genetic groups and to evaluate how temperament characteristics affect milk production and milk flow. A total of 287 lactating Girolando cows were evaluated. For the reactivity evaluations a score (1 to 8) was applied at milking. Significant effects of the genetic group on the reactivity of the animals both for the group of multiparous and primiparous cows were found. Effect of temperament composite score (ECT) and reactivity in udder preparation (REAP) on milk production for primiparous cows was observed. On the milk flow, the REAP effect was found on the herd of primiparous cows. For multiparous cows, no effects of temperament were found on milk production but on milk flow. There was a significant linear variation for the ECT variables and REAP. We conclude in this study that there is an influence of the behavior of Girolando cows in the milking on the performance of animals. With this thesis we hope to have answered some questions about the temperament of the Girolando breeds, including information that may be useful for the Brazilian conditions of dairy cattle breeding.
The objective of this research was to identify and validate more appropriate methods for temperament evaluation of Girolando cattle, in addition to understanding their relationships with productive and reproductive performance. Two studies were performed: a) Study 1- Evaluation of the temperament of Girolando bulls and their relationship with reproductive performance; b) Study 2- Temperament of Girolando cows and its relationship with production and milk flow. In Study 1, the objective was to characterize the temperament of Girolando bulls and to study the effect of this trait on the reproductive performance of animals. To assessed the temperament and the reproductive performances of 281 bulls (participants of the pre- progeny test conducted by the Brazilian Girolando Breeders Association and Embrapa). Variations of the temperament of the animals were found over time and significant effect of the genetic group only for variable crush test (ET). None of the reproductive performance variables was significantly affected by the temperament indicators (VF, ITEMP and ET, P> 0.05 for all analyzes). We conclude that the temperament indicators used are a reliable indicator of temperament in Girolando bulls. No associations of temperament with the productive performance of the bulls were found, additional studies are necessary to increase the knowledge about the mechanisms in which the temperament of the bulls can affect the reproduction. In Study 2 the objective was to study how temperament is expressed in relation to the different genetic groups and to evaluate how temperament characteristics affect milk production and milk flow. A total of 287 lactating Girolando cows were evaluated. For the reactivity evaluations a score (1 to 8) was applied at milking. Significant effects of the genetic group on the reactivity of the animals both for the group of multiparous and primiparous cows were found. Effect of temperament composite score (ECT) and reactivity in udder preparation (REAP) on milk production for primiparous cows was observed. On the milk flow, the REAP effect was found on the herd of primiparous cows. For multiparous cows, no effects of temperament were found on milk production but on milk flow. There was a significant linear variation for the ECT variables and REAP. We conclude in this study that there is an influence of the behavior of Girolando cows in the milking on the performance of animals. With this thesis we hope to have answered some questions about the temperament of the Girolando breeds, including information that may be useful for the Brazilian conditions of dairy cattle breeding.
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Comportamento, produção de leite, qualidade seminal, velocidade de saída, Behavior, flight speed, milk yield, seminal quality