Uso de um mutante em giberelina na enxertia de tomateiro para estudar o papel desse hormônio na sinalização entre a raiz e parte aérea durante o déficit hídrico
Data
2017-11-07
Autores
Gaion, Lucas Aparecido [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As plantas são organismos sésseis que devem perceber e responder a vários estímulos ambientais ao longo de seu ciclo de vida. Entre esses estímulos, o estresse causado pela seca vem se tornando o principal fator limitante à produção agrícola em todo o mundo. O déficit hídrico é percebido inicialmente pelas raízes, que deve sinalizar eficientemente a parte aérea e, assim, desencadear os mecanismos de adaptação à seca. Por isso, a fim de avaliar o papel das giberelinas (GAs) na comunicação entre a raiz e a parte aérea durante o déficit hídrico, o tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum L.) mutante procera (pro), com resposta constitutiva à GA, e seu tipo selvagem Micro-Tom (MT), foram utilizados em enxertos recíprocos e cultivados sob condições irrigada e de déficit hídrico. Posteriormente, foi avaliado o crescimento, o estresse oxidativo, a expressão gênica, as relações hídricas e o conteúdo hormonal para fornecer informações sobre os ajustes mediados por GA durante o déficit hídrico. Todas as combinações de enxertia com pro (i.e. pro/pro, MT/pro e pro/MT) não exibiram redução do crescimento sob condições de estresse, embora não tenha evitado o aumento do estresse oxidativo. Além disso, os enxertos com pro induziram maior acúmulo de ácido abscísico (ABA) na parte aérea, independente do genótipo do porta-enxerto. A sensibilidade aumentada à GA no porta-enxerto modulou a condutância estomática (gs) e a eficiência intrínseca de uso da água (EUAi) sob déficit hídrico, ou seja, durante o déficit hídrico a resposta constitutiva às GAs presente no porta-enxerto induziu forte redução da gs e, consequentemente, aumento da EUAi, independentemente do enxerto empregado. Além disso, sob condição de déficit hídrico, verificou-se regulação positiva e negativa dos genes SlDREB2, envolvido na modulação de mecanismos de resposta à seca, e SlDELLA, repressor de GA, respectivamente. O tratamento de folhas destacadas de MT e pro com ABA induziu redução da perda de água de maneira mais pronunciada em folhas de pro. Estes resultados indicam a existência de interação entre a sensibilidade à GA e ABA regulando os mecanismos de reajuste do crescimento e economia de água durante o déficit hídrico. Em outras palavras, a resposta constitutiva às GAs, especialmente nas raízes, modula a sinalização entre a raiz e a parte aérea e, assim, as respostas ao déficit hídrico.
Plants are sessile organisms that must perceive and respond to various environmental cues throughout their life cycle. Among these factors, drought stress has become the main limiting factor to crop production around the world. Water deprivation is perceived primarily by the roots, which should efficiently signal the shoot to trigger drought responses in order to maximize the ability of plants to survive. In this study, the procera (pro) mutant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), with a constitutive response to gibberellin (GA), and its near-isogenic line cv. Micro-Tom (MT), were used in reciprocal grafting under well-watered and water stress conditions to evaluate the role of GA signaling in root-to-shoot communication during drought stress. Growth, oxidative stress, gene expression, water relations and hormonal content were measured in order to provide insights into GA-mediated adjustments to water stress. All graft combinations with pro (i.e. pro/pro, MT/pro and pro/MT) prevented the reduction of growth under stress conditions, but without a reduction in oxidative stress. Scions harboring the pro mutation tended to increase the abscisic acid (ABA) content, independent of the rootstock. Moreover, the GA sensitivity of the rootstock modulated stomatal conductance (gs) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) under drought stress, therefore, during the drought stress the constitutive response to the GAs present in the rootstock induced a strong reduction of the gs and, consequently, increase of the WUEi, regardless of the graft employed. Furthermore, after exposure to drought stress, there was positive and negative regulation of the SlDREB2, involved in the modulation of drought response mechanisms, and SlDELLA genes, GA repressor, respectively. The reduction of water loss was more pronounced on detached leaves of pro after treatment with ABA when compared to MT leaves. These results indicate the occurrence of crosstalk between sensitivity to GA and ABA regulating the mechanisms of growth and water economy readjustment during water deficit. On the other words, the constitutive response to GAs, especially in roots, modulates signaling between root and shoot, and thus responses to water deficit.
Plants are sessile organisms that must perceive and respond to various environmental cues throughout their life cycle. Among these factors, drought stress has become the main limiting factor to crop production around the world. Water deprivation is perceived primarily by the roots, which should efficiently signal the shoot to trigger drought responses in order to maximize the ability of plants to survive. In this study, the procera (pro) mutant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), with a constitutive response to gibberellin (GA), and its near-isogenic line cv. Micro-Tom (MT), were used in reciprocal grafting under well-watered and water stress conditions to evaluate the role of GA signaling in root-to-shoot communication during drought stress. Growth, oxidative stress, gene expression, water relations and hormonal content were measured in order to provide insights into GA-mediated adjustments to water stress. All graft combinations with pro (i.e. pro/pro, MT/pro and pro/MT) prevented the reduction of growth under stress conditions, but without a reduction in oxidative stress. Scions harboring the pro mutation tended to increase the abscisic acid (ABA) content, independent of the rootstock. Moreover, the GA sensitivity of the rootstock modulated stomatal conductance (gs) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) under drought stress, therefore, during the drought stress the constitutive response to the GAs present in the rootstock induced a strong reduction of the gs and, consequently, increase of the WUEi, regardless of the graft employed. Furthermore, after exposure to drought stress, there was positive and negative regulation of the SlDREB2, involved in the modulation of drought response mechanisms, and SlDELLA genes, GA repressor, respectively. The reduction of water loss was more pronounced on detached leaves of pro after treatment with ABA when compared to MT leaves. These results indicate the occurrence of crosstalk between sensitivity to GA and ABA regulating the mechanisms of growth and water economy readjustment during water deficit. On the other words, the constitutive response to GAs, especially in roots, modulates signaling between root and shoot, and thus responses to water deficit.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Enxertia, Estresse abiótico, Hormônios vegetais, Movimento estomático, Relações hídricas, Sinalização raiz-parte aérea