Sensibilidade ambiental a hidrocarbonetos para rodovias: estudo de caso em trecho da Rodovia Anhanguera (SP-330)
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Data
2017-10-26
Autores
Ferreira, Mayara Nicolau [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Considerando o crescente número de acidentes com produtos perigosos em rodovias e que este é o modal mais utilizado para o transporte de cargas no Brasil, principalmente hidrocarbonetos e derivados de petróleo. Bem como, os insipientes estudos de índices de sensibilidade ambiental para ambientes terrestres. E que os mapas de sensibilidade são importantes ferramentas técnico-gerenciais utilizadas na tomada de decisões emergenciais em caso de combate a derrames de óleo. Além de fornecer informações para o planejamento de contenção e limpeza para mitigar os impactos ambientais, auxiliar a identificação de locais sensíveis antes que ocorra o acidente, de modo que as estratégias de proteção e contenção possam ser organizadas antecipadamente, objetiva-se a confecção de um índice de sensibilidade ambiental aos hidrocarbonetos para rodovias, utilizando como área de estudo um trecho da Rodovia Anhanguera (SP-330), segunda maior em números de acidentes com produtos perigosos no estado de São Paulo, e sua respectiva carta de sensibilidade ambiental. Para tanto, procede-se fazendo uso de geotecnologias para confecção de mapas básicos necessários a pesquisa; da compartimentação fisiográfica para dividir a área de estudo em zonas homólogas; do trabalho de campo para corroborar a compartimentação; da escolha dos cinco parâmetros e seus respectivos pesos, que compõem o índice de sensibilidade ambiental aos hidrocarbonetos para rodovias; e consequentemente, a confecção da carta de sensibilidade ambiental. Desse modo, observa-se que no trecho foram encontrados os índices 5, 7 e 8, sendo que o índice 7 é predominante em seis das oito Unidade Básicas de Compartimentação, o que permite concluir que a área estudada tem média-alta sensibilidade ambiental, levando em consideração que o índice vai de 1 a 10 A. Além de colaborar com o desenvolvimento de uma adaptação do método das cartas SAO utilizadas em ambientes costeiros e fluviais para um índice de sensibilidade ambiental aos hidrocarbonetos para rodovias. Por fim, conclui-se que o mapeamento de sensibilidade ambiental aos hidrocarbonetos para o modal rodoviário apresenta-se viável a partir da aplicação de um método adequado ao ambiente em que está inserido e o método da compartimentação fisiográfica foi extremamente apropriado e eficaz para os ambientes terrestres.
Considering the increasing number of accidents with hazardous products on highways and that this is the most used modal for the transport of cargoes in Brazil, mainly hydrocarbons and petroleum products. As well as, the insipient studies of environmental sensitivity indexes for terrestrial environments. And that sensitivity maps are important technical and managerial tools used in making emergency decisions in case of combating oil spills. In addition to providing information for containment and cleanup planning to mitigate environmental impacts, assisting the identification of sensitive locations before the accident occurs, so that protection and containment strategies can be organized in advance, it is aimed to create an Index of environmental sensitivity to hydrocarbons for highways, using as an area of study a section of the Anhanguera Highway (SP-330), second largest in numbers of accidents with dangerous products in the state of São Paulo, and its respective letter of environmental sensitivity. To do so, we make use of geotechnologies to create basic maps necessary for the research; the physiographic compartmentalization to divide the study area into homologous zones; the fieldwork to corroborate the compartmentalization; the choice of the five parameters and their respective weights, which make up the environmental sensitivity index for hydrocarbons for highways; and consequently, the preparation of the environmental sensitivity letter. Therefore, it can be observed that the indexes 5, 7 and 8 were found in this section, with index 7 being predominant in six of the eight Basic Compartmental Units, which allows to conclude that the studied area has medium-high environmental sensitivity, taking into account that the index ranges from 1 to 10 A. In addition to collaborating with the development of an adaptation of the SAO letters used in coastal and fluvial environments to an environmental sensitivity index to hydrocarbons for highways. Finally, it is concluded that the mapping of environmental sensitivity to hydrocarbons for the road modal is feasible from the application of a method appropriate to the environment in which it is inserted and the physiographic compartmentalization method was extremely appropriate and effective for the land environments.
Considering the increasing number of accidents with hazardous products on highways and that this is the most used modal for the transport of cargoes in Brazil, mainly hydrocarbons and petroleum products. As well as, the insipient studies of environmental sensitivity indexes for terrestrial environments. And that sensitivity maps are important technical and managerial tools used in making emergency decisions in case of combating oil spills. In addition to providing information for containment and cleanup planning to mitigate environmental impacts, assisting the identification of sensitive locations before the accident occurs, so that protection and containment strategies can be organized in advance, it is aimed to create an Index of environmental sensitivity to hydrocarbons for highways, using as an area of study a section of the Anhanguera Highway (SP-330), second largest in numbers of accidents with dangerous products in the state of São Paulo, and its respective letter of environmental sensitivity. To do so, we make use of geotechnologies to create basic maps necessary for the research; the physiographic compartmentalization to divide the study area into homologous zones; the fieldwork to corroborate the compartmentalization; the choice of the five parameters and their respective weights, which make up the environmental sensitivity index for hydrocarbons for highways; and consequently, the preparation of the environmental sensitivity letter. Therefore, it can be observed that the indexes 5, 7 and 8 were found in this section, with index 7 being predominant in six of the eight Basic Compartmental Units, which allows to conclude that the studied area has medium-high environmental sensitivity, taking into account that the index ranges from 1 to 10 A. In addition to collaborating with the development of an adaptation of the SAO letters used in coastal and fluvial environments to an environmental sensitivity index to hydrocarbons for highways. Finally, it is concluded that the mapping of environmental sensitivity to hydrocarbons for the road modal is feasible from the application of a method appropriate to the environment in which it is inserted and the physiographic compartmentalization method was extremely appropriate and effective for the land environments.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sensibilidade ambiental, Compartimentação fisiográfica, Geotecnologias, Hidrocarbonetos, Environmental sensitivity, Physiographic compartmentalization, Geotechnology, Hydrocarbons