Estudo da influência do processo ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing) nas propriedades mecânicas e características microestruturais do aço SAE 1020.
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Data
2017-11-10
Autores
Silva, Gilson Jr.
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A obtenção de granulometria ultrafina em aços com baixo teor de carbono pode contribuir para ampliação de suas aplicações na indústria, devido as propriedades mecânicas superiores que podem ser alcançadas com o refinamento de grãos, tais como: resistência mecânica, dureza, e tenacidade. O processo conhecido como Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) induz deformações plásticas severas suficientes para alterar as características microestruturais dos metais reduzindo seu tamanho de grão, e consequentemente melhorando algumas propriedades mecânicas, sem alterar a composição química dos materiais, ao utilizar temperaturas abaixo do ponto de recristalização dos metais. Neste trabalho o processo ECAP foi conduzido com corpos de prova na temperatura de 550°C utilizando como material de estudo aço SAE 1020. Os corpos de prova foram separados em três grupos. No primeiro grupo as amostras não foram submetidas a nenhum tratamento térmico entre os passes, no segundo grupo foi aplicado tratamento de alívio de tensões após os passes, e por fim, no terceiro grupo e foi aplicado um tratamento de recozimento intercrítico após o primeiro passe. Ensaios mecânicos de tração, dureza e charpy foram realizados com objetivo de verificar a influência do processo ECAP no comportamento mecânico do aço. Com intuito de verificar as alterações microestruturais causadas pelo processo ECAP foram utilizadas as técnicas de microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura. O trabalho tem como objetivo principal induzir o refinamento dos grãos por meio do processo ECAP em matriz bipartida elaborada neste trabalho. Os resultados das análises microestruturais e dos ensaios mecânicos demonstraram que os tratamentos térmicos utilizados combinados ao processo ECAP influenciaram diretamente no comportamento do aço SAE 1020. Conforme o número de passes pela matriz ECAP ocorreu uma redução do tamanho dos grãos, assim como aumento do limite de resistência a tração e dureza do aço 1020. Com relação ao tratamento térmico de alívio de tensão, uma melhor combinação entre resistência mecânica e ductilidade foi encontrada. O tratamento de recozimento intercrítico foi suficiente para induzir a transformação de fases no aço SAE 1020, o qual proporcionou resultados positivo no que diz respeito a ductilidade e resistência mecânica. Por fim, a consistência das investigações da evolução microestrutural permitiu compreender os efeitos do ECAP no aço SAE 1020.
Ultrafine grained microstructures obtaining in low carbon steels may contribute to enlarge the application of this material in industry, due to superior properties that can be achieved, such as: mechanical strength, hardness, and toughness. The process known as Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) induces severe plastic deformation sufficient to modify metals microstructures characteristics, reducing its grains size, and consequently improve its mechanical properties without materials chemistry composition changes, under temperatures below to recrystallization point. At this work ECAP process was carried out with specimens at 550° C using steel SAE 1020 as material. The specimens were divided into three groups. The specimens in the first group none heat treatment was applied between and after ECAP passes, in the second group the specimens were submitted under stress relief heat treatment after ECAP passes, and in the third group, specimens were submitted under intercritical annealing after first pass. Mechanical tensile strength, hardness and charpy impact tests were used with aim to verify the ECAP influence in steel mechanical behavior. In order to verify microstructures evolution caused by ECAP were applied optical and scanning electron microscopy. The aim of this work is grain refining by means of ECAP process with two parts tool elaborated in this study. The microstructure analysis and mechanical tests results shown that the heat treatments applied, combined with ECAP process directly influenced on steel SAE 1020 behavior. According to the number of passes grains sizes were reduced, as well the ultima tensile strength and hardness were increased. In reference of stress relief heat treatment, better combination between mechanical strength and ductility was achieved. Intercritical annealing treatment was capable to induce phase transformation in steel SAE 1020, which provided positive results with respect to ductility and mechanical strength. In conclusion, the consistence of microstructure evolution investigation became possible to understand effects of ECAP in steel SAE 1020
Ultrafine grained microstructures obtaining in low carbon steels may contribute to enlarge the application of this material in industry, due to superior properties that can be achieved, such as: mechanical strength, hardness, and toughness. The process known as Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) induces severe plastic deformation sufficient to modify metals microstructures characteristics, reducing its grains size, and consequently improve its mechanical properties without materials chemistry composition changes, under temperatures below to recrystallization point. At this work ECAP process was carried out with specimens at 550° C using steel SAE 1020 as material. The specimens were divided into three groups. The specimens in the first group none heat treatment was applied between and after ECAP passes, in the second group the specimens were submitted under stress relief heat treatment after ECAP passes, and in the third group, specimens were submitted under intercritical annealing after first pass. Mechanical tensile strength, hardness and charpy impact tests were used with aim to verify the ECAP influence in steel mechanical behavior. In order to verify microstructures evolution caused by ECAP were applied optical and scanning electron microscopy. The aim of this work is grain refining by means of ECAP process with two parts tool elaborated in this study. The microstructure analysis and mechanical tests results shown that the heat treatments applied, combined with ECAP process directly influenced on steel SAE 1020 behavior. According to the number of passes grains sizes were reduced, as well the ultima tensile strength and hardness were increased. In reference of stress relief heat treatment, better combination between mechanical strength and ductility was achieved. Intercritical annealing treatment was capable to induce phase transformation in steel SAE 1020, which provided positive results with respect to ductility and mechanical strength. In conclusion, the consistence of microstructure evolution investigation became possible to understand effects of ECAP in steel SAE 1020
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Palavras-chave
ECAP, Aço SAE 1020, Refinamento de grão, Steel SAE 1020, Grain refinement, Microstructure, Microestrutura