Comportamento e preferência alimentar de tucanuçus (Ramphastos toco) criados em cativeiro visando subsidiar programas de soltura
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Data
2017-11-17
Autores
Padula, Camila Ribeiro
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi propor técnicas de enriquecimento alimentar e ambiental para tucanuçus cativos, visando subsidiar programas de soltura. Adicionalmente, foram propostas técnicas de melhoriado bem estar animal, aos debilitados fisicamente e/ou do ponto de vista comportamental, acarretando na impossibilidade do retorno à natureza.Para a avaliação da preferência de tucanuçus a diferentes cores e níveis de maturidade dos frutos, realizaram-se três experimentos (I, II e III).No Experimento I, ofertaram-se frutos de Syagrus romazoffianacom tamanhos e níveis de maturidade diferentes: Maduros Grandes (MG), Maduros Pequenos (MP) e Verdes Intermediários (VI). Como resultado, o consumo dos frutos maduros foi maior que o de verdes (p<0,05), demonstrando que o nível de maturidade prevaleceu ao tamanho. No experimento II, utilizaram-se frutos de cores diferentes, cada qual representada por uma espécie de palmeira: alaranjados (Syagrus romazoffiana), preto-arroxeados (Euterpe edulis) e vermelhos (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana). Houve preferência pelos vermelhos, seguidos dos preto-arroxeados, e por último os alaranjados. No experimento III, baseado nas informações obtidas nos experimentos I e II, ofereceram-se frutos de Morus nigra, vermelhos (cor mais consumida em Exp. II) quando ainda imaturos (nível de maturidade rejeitado em Exp. I). Ocorreu maior consumo demaduros, indepentemente da cor. Concluíu-se que a cor mais consumida foi do fruto vermelho, porém o nível de maturação sobressaiuàs qualidadestamanho e cor, com a distinção de maduros e imaturos(com diferentes texturas) por meio do tato.
SUMMARY The objective of this study was to propose feeding and environmental enrichment techniques for captive toco toucans, aiming towards their rehabilitation and possible release. It also aimed to propose techniques for the betterment of the quality of life for physically or behaviorally disabled animals, rendering their release into the wild nonviable.For the evaluation of toco toucans preferences relating to different colors and maturity levels of the fruits, three different experiments were conducted (I, II and III), with fruits from the Euterpe edulis (Juçara palm), Morus nigra (Blackberry), Syagrus romanzoffiana (Queen palm) and Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (Bangalow palm). On experiment I, Queen palm fruits of different sizes and maturity levels were offered,such as: big ripe (MG), small ripe (MP) and intermediarie unripe (VI). As a result, a statistically significance consumption of ripe fruits than unripe ones were perceived, demonstrating that possibly the fruits maturity level prevailed, regardless of size. On experiment II, fruits of different colors were offered, each one represented by a palm tree specie: orange (Queen palm), purplish black (Juçara palm) and red (Bangalow palm). A preference by the toco toucans tested for red colored fruits could be noticed, followed by those of purplish black color and in last the orange ones. On experiment III, based on information obtained on I and II experiments, Morus nigra berries were offered, with unripe berries displaying a red color (previously most consumed color and most rejected maturity level). The most consumed berries were the ripe ones, regardless of displaying a less attractive color than red colored ones, which were rejected even though they were the statistically more consumed color on experiment II, these fruits still being unripe. Once again it was perceived that the level of maturity excelled over color.
SUMMARY The objective of this study was to propose feeding and environmental enrichment techniques for captive toco toucans, aiming towards their rehabilitation and possible release. It also aimed to propose techniques for the betterment of the quality of life for physically or behaviorally disabled animals, rendering their release into the wild nonviable.For the evaluation of toco toucans preferences relating to different colors and maturity levels of the fruits, three different experiments were conducted (I, II and III), with fruits from the Euterpe edulis (Juçara palm), Morus nigra (Blackberry), Syagrus romanzoffiana (Queen palm) and Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (Bangalow palm). On experiment I, Queen palm fruits of different sizes and maturity levels were offered,such as: big ripe (MG), small ripe (MP) and intermediarie unripe (VI). As a result, a statistically significance consumption of ripe fruits than unripe ones were perceived, demonstrating that possibly the fruits maturity level prevailed, regardless of size. On experiment II, fruits of different colors were offered, each one represented by a palm tree specie: orange (Queen palm), purplish black (Juçara palm) and red (Bangalow palm). A preference by the toco toucans tested for red colored fruits could be noticed, followed by those of purplish black color and in last the orange ones. On experiment III, based on information obtained on I and II experiments, Morus nigra berries were offered, with unripe berries displaying a red color (previously most consumed color and most rejected maturity level). The most consumed berries were the ripe ones, regardless of displaying a less attractive color than red colored ones, which were rejected even though they were the statistically more consumed color on experiment II, these fruits still being unripe. Once again it was perceived that the level of maturity excelled over color.
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Palavras-chave
Ramphastídeos, tamanho do fruto, comportamento alimentar, cor do fruto, interação planta-animal