Efeitos da inclusão dietética da farinha de gengibre no desempenho produtivo, atividade das enzimas do sistema antioxidante, respostas hematológicas e imunológicas da tilápia-do-Nilo submetida à desafio bacteriano
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Data
2017-12-01
Autores
Naliato, Rafael Fogaça
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os Peixes foram alimentados com dietas contendo níveis de pó de gengibre (GgP) para verificar seus efeitos sobre o desempenho produtivo e resistência à infecção bacteriana. Um grupo de 540 tilápias-do-Nilo (8,2 g ± 0,34) foi distribuído aleatoriamente em 36 aquários de 250 L (15 peixes / tanque) e alimentadas com seis dietas práticas, uma sem a adição de gengibre (0 GgP, dieta basal, controle positivo) e níveis crescentes de suplementação de 0,25% (0,25 GgP), 0,5% (0,5 GgP), 0,75% (0,75 GgP), 1% (1 GgP) e 1,5% da dieta GgP (1,5 GgP). Estas dietas foram formuladas para conter 29% de proteína digestível e 18 MJ de energia digestível kg-1. Após 30 dias de alimentação, determinou-se o desempenho produtivo, os parâmetros hematológico e imunológico e a atividade das enzimas do sistema antioxidantes. Em seguida, os peixes foram submetidos a desafio com Aeromonas hydrophila e a mortalidade foi registrada por 15 dias. Os mesmos parâmetros e atividade de enzimas do sistema antioxidantes foram determinados após esse tempo. Peixes alimentados com dietas contendo níveis acima de 0,5 GgP apresentaram maior peso final e taxa de crescimento específica. Maior ingestão de ração foi determinada nos peixes alimentados com dietas contendo 1GgP e 1,5 GgP (P <0,05). Quanto aos parâmetros hematológicos e imunológicos, antes ou após o desafio bacteriano, peixes alimentados com 0 GgP e 1,5 GgP apresentaram os piores resultados para todos os parâmetros. Os peixes alimentados com 1 GgP mostraram a maior produção de H2O2 e NO quando comparado com a dieta de controle (P <0,05). Quanto as enzimas do sistema antioxidante, os peixes alimentados com 0,25 GgP e 1GgP foram capazes de manter as atividades de catalase e superóxido dismutase após a bactéria. Por outro lado, o peixe alimentado com 1,5 GgP mostrou os piores resultados. Após o desafio bacteriano, uma diminuição da mortalidade foi encontrada de acordo com a inclusão de gengibre. A maior taxa de sobrevivência foi determinada para peixes alimentados com 1 GgP, que foi 61.40% maior quando comparado ao controle. Com base nos resultados obtidos para taxa de sobrevivência e resposta imunológica, indicamos 1% de GgP para melhora da resistência à tilápia do Nilo contra a infecção por Aeromonas hydrophila.
Fish were fed diets containing levels of ginger powder (GgP) to better understand its effects on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and resistance to bacterial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. A group of 540 male Nile tilapia (8.2g ± 0.34) was randomly distributed in 36 250-L aquaria (15 fish/tank) and fed six practical diets prepared with no ginger supplementation (0 GgP, basal diet, positive control) and graded levels of GgP supplementation at 0.25% (0.25 GgP), 0.5% (0.5 GgP), 0.75% (0.75 GgP), 1% (1 GgP) and 1.5% of GgP diet (1.5 GgP). These diets were formulated to contain 29% digestible protein and 18 MJ digestible energy kg-1. After 30 days feeding trial, growth performance, hematological and immunological parameters and antioxidant enzymes activity were determined. Then, fish were subjected to challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila and the mortality was recorded for 15 days and the same parameters and antioxidant enzymes activity were determined after this period. Fish fed diets containing levels above 0.5 GgP showed higher final body weight and specific growth rate compared no ginger supplementation. The highest feed intake was determined for fish fed diets containing 1GgP and 1.5 GgP (P<0.05). As to the hematological and immunological parameters, either before or after bacterial challenge, fish fed 0 GgP and 1.5 GgP showed the worst results for all the parameters. Fish fed 1 GgP showed the highest production for H2O2 and NO when compared with the control diet (P<0.05). As to the antioxidant enzyme, fish fed 0.25 GgP and 1GgP were able to maintain the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities after bacterial. On the other hand, fish fed 1.5 GgP showed the worst results. After bacterial challenge, a decrease in mortality was found according to the increased inclusion of ginger. The highest survival rate was determined for fish fed 1 GgP, which was 61.40% higher when compared to control. Although the best results for specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were determined to be 0.41 and 0.58 % of GgP, respectively, the results obtained for survival rate and immunological response indicated that 1% of GgP improved Nile tilapia resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Therefore, we concluded that 1% GgP is indicated to increase fish disease resistance.
Fish were fed diets containing levels of ginger powder (GgP) to better understand its effects on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and resistance to bacterial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. A group of 540 male Nile tilapia (8.2g ± 0.34) was randomly distributed in 36 250-L aquaria (15 fish/tank) and fed six practical diets prepared with no ginger supplementation (0 GgP, basal diet, positive control) and graded levels of GgP supplementation at 0.25% (0.25 GgP), 0.5% (0.5 GgP), 0.75% (0.75 GgP), 1% (1 GgP) and 1.5% of GgP diet (1.5 GgP). These diets were formulated to contain 29% digestible protein and 18 MJ digestible energy kg-1. After 30 days feeding trial, growth performance, hematological and immunological parameters and antioxidant enzymes activity were determined. Then, fish were subjected to challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila and the mortality was recorded for 15 days and the same parameters and antioxidant enzymes activity were determined after this period. Fish fed diets containing levels above 0.5 GgP showed higher final body weight and specific growth rate compared no ginger supplementation. The highest feed intake was determined for fish fed diets containing 1GgP and 1.5 GgP (P<0.05). As to the hematological and immunological parameters, either before or after bacterial challenge, fish fed 0 GgP and 1.5 GgP showed the worst results for all the parameters. Fish fed 1 GgP showed the highest production for H2O2 and NO when compared with the control diet (P<0.05). As to the antioxidant enzyme, fish fed 0.25 GgP and 1GgP were able to maintain the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities after bacterial. On the other hand, fish fed 1.5 GgP showed the worst results. After bacterial challenge, a decrease in mortality was found according to the increased inclusion of ginger. The highest survival rate was determined for fish fed 1 GgP, which was 61.40% higher when compared to control. Although the best results for specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were determined to be 0.41 and 0.58 % of GgP, respectively, the results obtained for survival rate and immunological response indicated that 1% of GgP improved Nile tilapia resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Therefore, we concluded that 1% GgP is indicated to increase fish disease resistance.
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Palavras-chave
Compostos fitogênicos, desafio bacteriano, Imunoestimulante, Oreochromis niloticus, Zingebereno, bacterial challenge