O sistema profissional da Educação física: o processo de profissionalização, a busca por autonomia e as implicações para a vida profissional
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Data
2017-10-20
Autores
Fonseca, Rubiane Giovani [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo central do estudo é conhecer a organização da Educação Física no mundo do trabalho, seu processo de profissionalização e busca por autonomia perante as instituições sociais, de forma a descobrir como estas dimensões implicam na vida profissional. O estudo foi desenhado, principalmente, a partir de autores que discutem a ideologia da profissão de tradição na Sociologia das Profissões. A questão que conduz este estudo é como tem se constituído o processo de profissionalização da Educação Física, bem como quais as formas de interações da profissão com o Estado, o mercado, a sociedade e com o próprio sistema ocupacional? Partimos da hipótese de que existem mecanismos que sustentam a Educação Física no sistema profissional e social, impactando diretamente na identidade da Educação Física e em seu ideal de profissão. É um estudo qualitativo, de tipo exploratório e descritivo. A análise ocupacional da Educação Física foi organizada em duas dimensões: a macroestrutural e a microestrutural. Ambas são compostas por três segmentos onde os profissionais orientam suas carreiras: acadêmica, dos gerenciadores e dos práticos. Dessa forma, mapeamos (a) o segmento acadêmico, pela estrutura para a formação e produção de conhecimentos na Educação Física; (b) o segmento dos gerenciadores, pelas estratégias das organizações para a autorregulação profissional e realizamos (c) o mapeamento do mercado de trabalho na Educação Física, tanto nos campos escolares quanto não escolares para analisar o segmento dos práticos. Para descrever as interações entre as dimensões macro e micro profissionais, realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais de diferentes segmentos, permitindo analisar a dinâmica interprofissional frente ao Estado, as organizações e à sociedade. Os dados da macroestrutura na Educação Física demonstraram, que apesar da expansão do segmento acadêmico com intenso aumento no número de cursos, inversamente há o baixo número de egressos das escolas de formação. A produção de conhecimento tem de fato refletido a intensa especialização das linhas de pesquisa, revelando a necessidade de incentivar parcerias e aglutinar eixos de estudos, que favoreçam prática menos verticalizadas de pesquisa. No segmento dos Gerenciadores, observa-se que a rede de organizações profissionais da Educação Física é recente e está em processo de estruturação. As ações para a representação da área ainda são desarticuladas, com ações para o convencimento do público sobre o comprometimento social da Educação Física e poucas ações direcionadas para o diálogo com o próprio profissional. No segmento dos profissionais, que atuam diretamente no mercado de trabalho, observa-se uma categoria de jovens, que permanecem em empregos formais em média por 15 anos. A relação entre tempo de trabalho e maior remuneração foi significativa. Além disso, observa-se atualmente maior equilíbrio entre gêneros nos empregos formalizados. Por meio das entrevistas, os profissionais alegam ter baixas expectativas sobre o futuro na carreira, devido às poucas garantias de retorno aos investimentos no projeto profissional. Considera-se que deve haver maior interação entre os segmentos acadêmico, gerencial e profissional, procurando fortalecer uma concepção coletiva de Educação Física, como uma unidade que compõe um sistema social maior.
The main objective of the study is to know the organization of physical education in the working world, the process of professionalization and the search for autonomy from social institutions in order to find out how these dimensions imply in professional life. The study was drawn, mainly, from authors who discuss the ideology of the profession of tradition in the Sociology of Professions. The question that leads to this study is how the professionalization process of Physical Education has been constituted, as well as what forms of interactions of the profession with the State, the market, the society and the own occupational system? We start from the hypothesis that there are mechanisms that support Physical Education in the professional and social system, directly impacting the identity of Physical Education and its ideal of profession. It is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study. The occupational analysis of Physical Education was organized in two dimensions: the macrostructural and the microstructural. Both are composed of three segments where professionals guide their careers: academic, managerial and practical. Thus, we map (a) the academic segment, by the structure for the formation and production of knowledge in Physical Education; (b) the managers 'segment, through the organizations' strategies for professional self-regulation, and (c) the mapping of the labor market in Physical Education, both in the school and non-scholar fields, to analyze the segment of practitioners. To describe the interactions between the macro and micro dimensions professionals, we conducted semi-structured interviews with professionals from different segments, allowing to analyze the dynamic cross from the State, organizations and society. Macroestructure data in Physical Education showed that, despite the expansion of the academic segment with an intense increase in the number of courses, inversely there is low number of graduates from the training schools. The production of knowledge has in fact reflected the intense specialization of research lines, revealing the need to encourage partnerships and agglutinate axes of studies that favor less vertical research practice. In the segment of managers, it is observed that the network of professional organizations of Physical Education is recent and is in the process of structuring. The actions for the representation of the area are still disarticulated, with actions to convince the public about the social commitment of Physical Education and few actions directed towards the dialogue with the professional itself. In the segment of professionals, who work directly in the labor market, there is a category of young people, who remain in formal jobs on average for 15 years. The relationship between working time and higher remuneration was significant. In addition, there is currently greater gender balance in formalized jobs. Through the interviews, the professionals claim to have low expectations about the career future due to the few guarantees of return to investments in the professional project. It is considered that there should be greater interaction between the academic, managerial and professional segments, seeking to make stronger a collective conception of Physical Education, as a unit that composes a larger social system.
The main objective of the study is to know the organization of physical education in the working world, the process of professionalization and the search for autonomy from social institutions in order to find out how these dimensions imply in professional life. The study was drawn, mainly, from authors who discuss the ideology of the profession of tradition in the Sociology of Professions. The question that leads to this study is how the professionalization process of Physical Education has been constituted, as well as what forms of interactions of the profession with the State, the market, the society and the own occupational system? We start from the hypothesis that there are mechanisms that support Physical Education in the professional and social system, directly impacting the identity of Physical Education and its ideal of profession. It is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study. The occupational analysis of Physical Education was organized in two dimensions: the macrostructural and the microstructural. Both are composed of three segments where professionals guide their careers: academic, managerial and practical. Thus, we map (a) the academic segment, by the structure for the formation and production of knowledge in Physical Education; (b) the managers 'segment, through the organizations' strategies for professional self-regulation, and (c) the mapping of the labor market in Physical Education, both in the school and non-scholar fields, to analyze the segment of practitioners. To describe the interactions between the macro and micro dimensions professionals, we conducted semi-structured interviews with professionals from different segments, allowing to analyze the dynamic cross from the State, organizations and society. Macroestructure data in Physical Education showed that, despite the expansion of the academic segment with an intense increase in the number of courses, inversely there is low number of graduates from the training schools. The production of knowledge has in fact reflected the intense specialization of research lines, revealing the need to encourage partnerships and agglutinate axes of studies that favor less vertical research practice. In the segment of managers, it is observed that the network of professional organizations of Physical Education is recent and is in the process of structuring. The actions for the representation of the area are still disarticulated, with actions to convince the public about the social commitment of Physical Education and few actions directed towards the dialogue with the professional itself. In the segment of professionals, who work directly in the labor market, there is a category of young people, who remain in formal jobs on average for 15 years. The relationship between working time and higher remuneration was significant. In addition, there is currently greater gender balance in formalized jobs. Through the interviews, the professionals claim to have low expectations about the career future due to the few guarantees of return to investments in the professional project. It is considered that there should be greater interaction between the academic, managerial and professional segments, seeking to make stronger a collective conception of Physical Education, as a unit that composes a larger social system.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Profissionalização, Profissionalismo, Sistema profissional, Educação física, Sociologia das profissões, Professionalization, Professionalism, Professional system, Physical education, Sociology of professions