Efeito do treinamento físico periodizado sobre o acúmulo de atividade física espontânea, voluntária e a ingestão calórica em ratos wistar
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Data
2017-12-21
Autores
Silva Junior, Osvaldo Tadeu da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Acredita-se que haja um set point que limita o gasto energético utilizando como estratégia o controle dos níveis de atividade física em nosso organismo visando a manutenção da homeostase energética semelhante a outras variáveis reguladas biologicamente. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar se o treinamento periodizado e a dieta hiperlipídica influenciam os níveis de atividade física espontânea e voluntária e a alteração na ingestão alimentar de ratos. Para isso, o estudo foi dividido em duas etapas: na primeira o objetivo foi verificar a acurácia e confiabilidade de um sistema de videogrametria na análise do deslocamento de ratos Wistar, e na segunda etapa, verificar se o aumento da atividade física, por meio do treinamento periodizado, é acompanhado por uma redução compensatória na atividade física e alteração da ingestão alimentar. Foram utilizados Ratos (n=32) da linhagem Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus Albinus Wistar) com idade inicial de 120 dias mantidos em gaiolas coletivas durante 8 semanas, após a separação dos grupos: Grupo controle (GC), Grupo controle com dieta hiperlipídica (GDH), Grupo de treinamento periodizado (TP), e Grupo treinamento periodizado dieta hiperlipídica (TPH), os quais realizaram um protocolo de treinamento periodizado de natação, durante 6 semanas, após 2 semanas de adaptação. O limiar anaeróbio pelo teste de lactato mínimo (Lam) foi realizado para a separação dos animais em grupos homogêneos e para verificação dos efeitos do treinamento. Foram verificados o efeito do treinamento físico periodizado sobre o acúmulo de atividade física espontânea (AFE -deslocamento pela filmagem) e voluntária (AFV - roda de atividades), além da verificação da interferência da dieta hiperlipídica na atividade física espontânea e voluntária, no perfil lipídico (triglicerídeos, HDL), glicemia, comportamento alimentar, medidas e gordura corporal. A análise de variância foi utilizada para verificar as diferenças das variáveis entre os grupos, enquanto que a correlação de Pearson foi utilizada para verificar a associação entre a carga de treinamento com a ingestão alimentar, AFE e AFV, considerando alfa de 5%. Na primeira etapa a acurácia e a confiabilidade do sistema de videogrametria para a análise do deslocamento foi confirmada. Na segunda etapa verificou-se que os valores de glicemia, HDL e TG não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos após 8 semanas de experimento. Os grupos treinados apresentaram maiores valores de Lam em relação ao grupo GC e GDH e não apresentaram ganho excessivo de gordura corporal. Em relação ao consumo alimentar, os grupos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica apresentaram menor consumo calórico em relação aos grupos alimentados com dieta padrão. O acúmulo de AFV não apresentou diferença entre os grupos, porém a AFE foi maior no grupo controle em relação ao demais. A associação entre a carga de treino total semanal e o consumo alimentar e carga de treino total semanal e AFV foram fracas. Para associação entre a carga de treino total semanal e a AFE, houve forte associação com o grupo TP . O TP e a dieta hiperlipídica levaram a uma redução da AFE, assim como nas semanas onde os treinamentos foram intensos houve um nível de AFE menor. Nosso resultados indicam que existem fatores biológicos responsivos ao treinamento e a dieta hiperlipídica capazes de interferir nos níveis de AFE dos animais.
It is believed that there is a set point that limits the energy expenditure using as a strategy the control of the levels of physical activity in our organism aiming the maintenance of the energy homeostasis similar to other variables regulated biologically. The present study aims to investigate whether the periodized training and the hyperlipidic diet influence the levels of spontaneous and voluntary physical activity and the alteration in dietary intake of rats. For this, the study was divided in two phases: in the first the objective was to verify the accuracy and reliability of a videogrammetry system in the analysis of Wistar rats displacement and in the second stage, to verify if the increase of the physical activity through periodized training is accompanied by a compensatory reduction in physical activity and alteration in food intake. Rats (n = 32) Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus Albinus Wistar) with initial age of 120 days were kept in collective cages for 8 weeks, after separation of the groups: Control group (CG), Control group with hyperlipidic diet (GHD), Periodized training group (PT), and Periodic training group hyperlipidic diet (PTH), who performed a periodized swimming training protocol for 6 weeks after 2 weeks of adaptation. The anaerobic threshold by lactate minimum (Lam) test was performed to separate the animals into homogeneous groups and to verify the effects of the training. The effect of the periodic physical training on the accumulation of spontaneous physical activity (SPA - displacement by filming) and voluntary (VPA - activity wheel) was verified, as well as the verification of the interference of the hyperlipidic diet in spontaneous and voluntary physical activity, in the lipid profile (triglycerides, HDL), glycemia, eating behavior, measures and body fat. The analysis of variance was used to verify the differences of the variables between the groups, while the Pearson correlation was used to verify the association between training load and food intake, SPA and VPA, considering alpha of 5%. In the first phase the accuracy and reliability of the videogrammetry system for displacement analysis was confirmed. In the second phase, it was verified that the values of glycemia, HDL and TG did not present significant difference between the groups after 8 weeks of experiment. The trained groups had higher values of Lam in relation to the CG and GHD groups and did not present an excessive gain of body fat. In relation to the food consumption, the groups fed with a hyperlipid diet presented lower caloric intake than the groups fed a standard diet. The VPA accumulation did not present difference between the groups, but the SPA was higher in the control group in relation to the others. The association between total weekly training load and total weekly training and feeding load and VPA were weak. For association between the total weekly training load and the SPA, there was a strong association with the PT group. The PT and the hyperlipid diet led to the reduction of SPA, just as in the weeks where the training was intense there was a lower level of SPA. Our results indicate that there are training-responsive biological factors and the hyperlipidic diet capable of interfering with the SPA levels of the animals.
It is believed that there is a set point that limits the energy expenditure using as a strategy the control of the levels of physical activity in our organism aiming the maintenance of the energy homeostasis similar to other variables regulated biologically. The present study aims to investigate whether the periodized training and the hyperlipidic diet influence the levels of spontaneous and voluntary physical activity and the alteration in dietary intake of rats. For this, the study was divided in two phases: in the first the objective was to verify the accuracy and reliability of a videogrammetry system in the analysis of Wistar rats displacement and in the second stage, to verify if the increase of the physical activity through periodized training is accompanied by a compensatory reduction in physical activity and alteration in food intake. Rats (n = 32) Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus Albinus Wistar) with initial age of 120 days were kept in collective cages for 8 weeks, after separation of the groups: Control group (CG), Control group with hyperlipidic diet (GHD), Periodized training group (PT), and Periodic training group hyperlipidic diet (PTH), who performed a periodized swimming training protocol for 6 weeks after 2 weeks of adaptation. The anaerobic threshold by lactate minimum (Lam) test was performed to separate the animals into homogeneous groups and to verify the effects of the training. The effect of the periodic physical training on the accumulation of spontaneous physical activity (SPA - displacement by filming) and voluntary (VPA - activity wheel) was verified, as well as the verification of the interference of the hyperlipidic diet in spontaneous and voluntary physical activity, in the lipid profile (triglycerides, HDL), glycemia, eating behavior, measures and body fat. The analysis of variance was used to verify the differences of the variables between the groups, while the Pearson correlation was used to verify the association between training load and food intake, SPA and VPA, considering alpha of 5%. In the first phase the accuracy and reliability of the videogrammetry system for displacement analysis was confirmed. In the second phase, it was verified that the values of glycemia, HDL and TG did not present significant difference between the groups after 8 weeks of experiment. The trained groups had higher values of Lam in relation to the CG and GHD groups and did not present an excessive gain of body fat. In relation to the food consumption, the groups fed with a hyperlipid diet presented lower caloric intake than the groups fed a standard diet. The VPA accumulation did not present difference between the groups, but the SPA was higher in the control group in relation to the others. The association between total weekly training load and total weekly training and feeding load and VPA were weak. For association between the total weekly training load and the SPA, there was a strong association with the PT group. The PT and the hyperlipid diet led to the reduction of SPA, just as in the weeks where the training was intense there was a lower level of SPA. Our results indicate that there are training-responsive biological factors and the hyperlipidic diet capable of interfering with the SPA levels of the animals.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Atividade física espontânea, Atividade física voluntária, Ingestão calórica, Treinamento periodizado, Spontaneous physical activity, Voluntary physical activity, Caloric intake, Periodic training